Hinduism - What Is The Kathakali?

Kathakali is an Indian classical dance genre that includes Bharatanatyam, Orissi, Kuchipudi, Kathak, and Manipuri, among others.

Classical dances, like much of traditional Indian culture, are associated with certain locations; Kathakali is largely found in Kerala.

Kathakali, unlike many other classical forms, did not evolve in a temple context.

It emerged as a developed form in the seventeenth century, while it has roots in centuries-old folk and religious plays.

The men's version of Kathakali is Mohini Attam, whereas the women's form is Kathakali.

One of the most spectacular shows in Indian arts is a Kathakali performance.

The dancers' training emphasizes controlled facial motion to promote ease and force of expression, which contributes to the drama.

The dancers are dressed in extravagant costumes and headdresses.

The most remarkable aspect is the intricate makeup—the heroes' faces are painted a vibrant green with fluted ridges made of rice paste affixed to their cheeks, while the villains' chins and foreheads are painted green and red with pith knobs attached.

The dance goes between muscular leaps and grand spins stylistically, with religious scriptures serving as the primary source of storytelling.

Kathakali, like many Indian dances, has a well-developed "vocabulary" of gestures and facial expressions that allows the dancers to participate in elaborate storytelling.

Kathakali, like all other classical dances, has evolved throughout the years, driven on by a shift in the venue from temple courtyards to stage performances.

A scheduled stage performance, for example, requires a well-organized "program" and a predetermined time constraint, while Kathakali performances used to continue all night.

Mohan Khokar's Traditions of Indian Classical Dance, published in 1984, has further information. 

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Hinduism - What Is Kathak?

Bharatanatyam, Orissi, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, and Manipuri are some of the other Indian classical dance genres.

Classical dances, like much of traditional Indian culture, are associated with certain locations; Kathak is largely found in northern India.

Kathak is said to have developed from Braj's ras lilas, devotional dances depicting incidents from Krishna's life.

This notion has little historical evidence and may just represent a desire to enshrine religion in all aspects of Indian culture.

Kathak, on the other hand, developed as an art form in the northern Indian monarchs' courts, where it was performed for the amusement of the king and his guests.

Over time, two main Kathak hubs emerged: Jaipur, which is recognized for its spectacular footwork, and Lucknow, which is noted for its emphasis on acting.

Kathak is distinguished stylistically by an erect posture with straight legs.

The dance focuses on quick, rhythmic foot movements, which are enhanced by bell strings worn on the dancer's ankles and accompanied by repeated rotations; the body is kept relatively static.

Kathak, like many other forms of Indian dance, has a well-developed "vocabulary" of facial expressions and arm and hand movements that enable the dancer to communicate a wide variety of emotions to the audience.

Mohan Khokar's Traditions of Indian Classical Dance, published in 1984, has further information. 

You may also want to read more about Hinduism here.

Be sure to check out my writings on religion here.

Hinduism - What Gestures Are Used In Indian Dance And Drama?

 

Hasta, which are wide postures of the arms and hands, and mudras are primarily incorporated into dance and performance art forms in India. 

Hindu Dance and Dramatic Techniques are specialized in hand motions.

These generally represent particular meanings, convey emotions, intent, and are often seen as either of the two types of gestures used in combination in Hindu dance and theatre.

~Kiran Atma

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Vienna: The New Year’s Celebration 2015 via PBS

Stage and screen legend Julie Andrews returns for the sixth time to host the festive annual New Year’s celebration with the Vienna Philharmonic, under the direction of Zubin Mehta, from Vienna’s Musikverein.

From Vienna: The New Year’s Celebration 2015, featuring the infectious melodies of the Strauss Family and their contemporaries, airs on Great Performances, Thursday, January 1 at 2:30 p.m. ET on PBS (check local listings) with an encore performance that evening at 8 p.m.

This is the 77-year-old maestro’s fifth appearance on the podium for the New Year’s Concert. Following Willi Boskovsky, Clemens Krauss and Lorin Maazel, Mehta joins the list of these great maestros who have conducted the concert most often. The Vienna State Ballet heads back to school and dances to both the “Students Polka” and the “Wine, Women and Song Waltz” in the palatial main building of Vienna’s 650-year-old University on the city’s grand Ringstrasse.

The venerable concert is the largest worldwide event in classical music reaching millions of people annually through radio and television in over 80 countries. The Vienna Philharmonic’s traditional New Year’s program has showcased Viennese musical culture at the highest level, and since the first television broadcast in 1959, sent the world a New Year’s greeting in the spirit of hope, friendship and peace. (The telecast marks the 31st broadcast of the event on PBS.)

Julie Andrews’ role as host of these New Year’s broadcasts continues to be a cherished tradition for viewers and the beloved singer, actress, and author herself: “I adore the privilege of returning to this magical city each year with its elegance, charm and magnificent gift of music. It is with great delight and joy that I, once again, have the pleasure of participating in this year’s telecast.”

She has been a frequent and luminous presence on Great Performances, starting with “An Evening with Alan Jay Lerner” (1989); “Julie Andrews in Concert” (1990); “Some Enchanted Evening: Celebrating Oscar Hammerstein II” (1995); “Back on Broadway” which spotlighted her return to the Great White Way in “Victor/Victoria” (1995); “Hey, Mr. Producer! The Musical World of Cameron Mackintosh” (1998); “My Favorite Broadway: The Leading Ladies” (1999); its follow-up “My Favorite Broadway: The Love Songs” (2001); and the restoration of the classic 1957 “Rodgers & Hammerstein’s Cinderella” (2004). She also hosted the Emmy Award-winning series Broadway: The American Musical in 2004. Andrews was recently featured in the “Great Performances’ 40th Anniversary Celebration” (2013).

As is customary with these broadcasts, Ms. Andrews will travel from her home base in the Musikverein hall itself to visit multiple picturesque Vienna landmarks. She’ll travel up the Danube to Durnstein in Austria’s beautiful Wachau Valley; take a streetcar tour of the historic buildings and palaces along the Ringstrasse; and visit the baroque Great Hall of the Old University where Beethoven premiered his 7th Symphony.

Mehta, who was born in Bombay in 1936, studied in Vienna from 1954 until 1957 where he learned his trade under the tutelage of the “maker of conductors” Hans Swarowsky. Following his debut in the United States in 1960, he was appointed Music Director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra at the age of 26 in 1962, which led him to world fame.

Later, the New York Philharmonic offered Mehta the post of Musical Director, a post he held until 1991 – longer than all his predecessors in the 20th century. From 1998 until 2006, Mehta was General Music Director of the Bavarian State Opera.

The conductor, who has also dedicated himself to promoting young talent in India, is Music Director for Life at the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Honorary Member of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and Honorary Member of many other orchestras. In addition to numerous other awards, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2011.

The Vienna State Ballet is choreographed by Davide Bombana. It provides the ensembles at both the Vienna State Opera and the Vienna Volksoper.

Reblogged by Jai Krishna Ponnappan