Between the ninth and eleventh centuries, Anandapala was the last major monarch of the Pratihara dynasty, which controlled vast swaths of the Indian subcontinent's northern region.
- Anandapala gathered a coalition of Hindu princes to fight Mahmud of Ghazni in a desperate effort to stop the latter's expansion in 1001 C.E.
- The Pratihara dynasty's authority was totally shattered when Anandapala and his allies were defeated in a battle near Peshawar in modern-day Pakistan.
- There was no political force in northern India strong enough to oppose Mahmud now that this great family was out of the way.
- He started raiding India on a yearly basis.
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