Hinduism - What Are The Tanmatras?

 

The subtle elements, or tanmatras, are the subtle versions of the five gross elements (earth, air, fire, water, and akasha), from which the gross elements are produced.

The senses of gandha (smell) for earth, sparsha (touch) for air, rupa (shape) for fire, rasa (taste) for water, and shabda (sound) for akasha correlate to the subtle elements.

The tanmatras initially emerged in the Samkhya school's description of the universe's development, one of the six schools of ancient Hindu philosophy.

The subtle elements, according to the Samkhya theory, are the stage of development that comes before the evolution of the gross components.

Purusha (spirit) and prakrti (matter) were the two essential ideas of the Samkhya school of atheistic dualism; all of this development was associated with prakrti since, according to the Samkhyas, the purusha never altered.

Other groups adopted the Samkhya theory of evolution, albeit they frequently changed it to fit theistic views that the universe originated from God, and the concept of the subtle components became an established philosophical standard.

~Kiran Atma

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Hinduism - What Is Pratyaksha Or Perception In Hindu Philosophy?

 

Perception (pratyaksha) was acknowledged as a pramana by all philosophical systems, and most also accepted inference (anu mana) and authoritative testimony (shabda).

"Presumption" (arthapatti) and "knowledge from absence" were the two new modes developed by the Mimamsas (abhava).

These additions were justified by the Mimamsas, who claimed that they accounted for knowledge that could not be assimilated under the existing pramanas.

Arthapatti is a kind of inference from circumstance in which a decision is formed regarding one instance only on the basis of comparable situations.

Consider the assumption that a passenger arrived at his or her destination after the train's scheduled arrival time had passed.

This is not a genuine inference, according to Indian philosophy, since the latter must always be verified by direct perception.

Similarly, abhava, or the experience of any absence (for example, the absence of any thing before one), could not be explained by any of the existing pramanas, necessitating the creation of this new one.

Aside from Jaimini, the Mimamsas' most notable individuals are Kumarila and Prabhakara, both of whom lived in the seventh century.

Karl H. Potter's Presuppositions of India's Philosophies was published in 1972, and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore (eds.) published A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy in 1957.

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