Showing posts sorted by relevance for query Kali. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query Kali. Sort by date Show all posts

Hinduism - Who Is The Mother Goddess Kali?


 ("black") The Mother Goddess in an incomprehensibly ferocious and mighty heavenly aspect.

In its most frightening forms, Kali is the divine's horrible, uncontrollable power.

Her home is a cremation site, and she is often connected with imagery of blood, death, and devastation.

Her iconography depicts her as having several heads and limbs, as well as a thin, gaunt, and haggard figure with a lolling tongue and blood-smeared lips.

Surprisingly, millions of Kali's bhakta (devotees) refer to her as "mother." Kali's origins are unknown, however she is thought to be an autochthonous ("of the soil") goddess.

Her dark skin, which is linked with low social status, her affinity for living in remote locations, and her worship by Indian aboriginal tribes and individuals on the fringes of society all appear to indicate to her roots as a local deity, maybe of tribal people.

Some early Sanskrit operas, such as Bhavabhuti's Malatimadhava, mention violent deities who accepted blood gifts from their worshippers.

The Thugs were featured prominently in nineteenth-century fiction using the same idea.

The Devimahatmya, the oldest known source for the belief that God is feminine, has one of Kali's earliest descriptions.

The birth of Kali (in her Mahakali form) is described in one of the Devimahatmya events as the Goddess incarnate's fury.

Kali begins the myth by stuffing the demon armies into her mouth and devouring them whole, signifying her all-consuming ability to destroy.

In this book, she also defeats Raktabija, a demon who is granted the blessing that each drop of his blood that falls on the ground would instantaneously change into a clone of himself, making him almost unconquerable.

Kali defeats him by consuming his blood as it is shed till it runs out.

Both of these instances bolster her reputation as a terrifying and powerful goddess, as well as her proclivity for destruction and her links with drugs and acts that are generally deemed defiling.

As Kinsley points out, Kali may also be seen as a symbol for the inevitability of human existence, and that catastrophe and misfortune can strike without warning, despite the best-laid preparations.

Kali worship has taken two courses, one in accord with these gruesome visions and the other in opposition to them.

On the one hand, Kali has long been revered by practitioners of tantra, a hidden, ritual-based religious practice.

Reality, according to the tantras, is created by the interplay of polar opposites, personified by the deities Shiva (awareness) and Shakti ("power").

Shiva is the Ultimate Reality and provides the organizing principle, while Shakti is the energy and dynamism that makes things happen.

As a result, goddesses play a significant part in tantric practice.

Kali stands out among these goddesses, maybe because she is the most extreme expression of feminine power and hence can be perceived as wielding the most power on behalf of her adherents.

The representations of Kali standing over the prostrate Shiva, plainly in a dominating position, indicate her power over all things and Shiva's helplessness without it.

The tantric specialist is seen as a heroic character who obtains strength from the goddess in this faith.

The tantras also emphasize the reconciliation of opposites as a means of eradicating all mental dualism and affirming the ultimate oneness of the world.

Tantric rituals may involve acts utilizing generally banned substances, such as the Panchamakara, or "Five Forbidden Things," in order to underline the provisional nature of all purity and impurity judgements (ashaucha).

Kali is the ultimate tantric goddess since her iconography and story include activities that are generally considered unclean, such as consuming blood and accepting animal sacrifices, residing in a crematory, and dressing herself in severed limbs.

The adoration of Kali as a mother is another popular picture.

This image is dominant in the Bengal area, where it has grown well-established over the last several centuries.

Kali's image is based on Indian maternal imagery, which are highly idealized in terms of a mother's dedication to her offspring.

The basic concept is that if a devotee approaches Kali as a meek child willing to bear whatever blows she delivers, she would eventually direct her mighty energies to defend her follower.

The nineteenth-century Bengali celebrities Ramprasad and Ramakrishna are Kali's most renowned worshippers; the former is famed for a poem in which he claims that there are terrible children but never a bad mother.

This conflict between Kali's horrible demeanor and her image as a mother has been maintained by religious adepts such as Ramprasad and Ramakrishna, but it has mostly been lost in common devotion.

Kali is often shown as youthful, lovely, and even benevolent in modern depictions, which seek to sweeten or overlook her horrible qualities.

See David R. Kinsley's The Sword and the Flute (1975) and Hindu Goddesses (1986) for further information about Kali.

 


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Hinduism - What Is The Kali Yuga?

 


Kali Yuga One of the cosmic time reckonings assigns a certain age to the Earth.

Traditional thinking holds that time has no origin or conclusion, but rather alternates between cycles of creation and activity, followed by cessation and qui etude.

Each of these cycles lasts 4.32 billion years, with the active period known as Brahma's Day and the tranquil phase known as Brahma's Night.

The Day of Brahma is split into one thousand mahayugas ("great cosmic eras"), each lasting 4.32 million years, according to one accounting of cosmic chronology.

The Krta Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga are the four yugas that make up each mahayuga.

Each yuga is shorter than the one before it, ushering in a more degraded and wicked period.

Things have grown so horrible towards the conclusion of the Kali Yuga that the only remedy is to destroy and recreate the world, at which point the new Krta period starts.

The final of the four yugas, the Kali Yuga, lasted "just" 432,000 years.

It is also regarded as the most degenerate yuga, as seen by its association with iron—a metal that is sometimes helpful, sometimes detrimental, not very valuable, and whose black hue is linked to Saturn, the malicious planet.

The Kali Yuga is said to be the period when human evil is at its peak, virtue has all but vanished, and the world is inexorably breaking apart.

The Kali Yuga, according to Hindu belief, started with the start of the great conflict chronicled in the epic Mahabharata, and it is, unsurprisingly, the period in which we currently live.


 


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Hinduism - What Is The Concept Of Time In Hindu Philosophy?

 

Time has no origin or conclusion in ancient Indian cosmology. 

Instead, it alternates between creation and activity, followed by cessation and quietude, in a never-ending cycle pattern. 

As a result, the cosmos has no ultimate beginning or end—creation will always be followed by destruction, and then destroyed by a new creation. 

There are many distinct and sometimes conflicting methods for measuring cosmic time within the limits of this premise. 

The kalpa, or day of Brahma, is the most widely recognized unit of time, lasting 4.32 billion years. 

Although the cosmos undergoes recurrent renewals during this time, this is the final limit for the existence of the created world. 

The global dissolution (pralaya) occurs at the end of Brahma's day, when the world is entirely annihilated and reabsorbed into the deity Vishnu. 

Brahma's day is followed by an equal-length night, during which Vishnu is the sole living creature; the deity sleeps on the back of his snake couch, Shesha, which floats on the cosmic ocean's surface. 

A lotus grows from Vishnu's navel after Brahma's night is through. 

The deity Brahma emerges from the lotus, taking up the task of creation, and the circle of activity starts again. 

One of Brahma's titles is Svayambhu ("selfborn"), which refers to his spontaneous emergence at the beginning of each cosmic era. 

Unlike the Judeo-Christian notion of creation, Brahma does not create the world from nothing, but rather organizes and molds existing components into a unified and orderly universe. 

According to different theories, Brahma's day is divided into smaller parts. 

The four yugas, or cosmic eras, are by far the most popular scheme. 

The day of Brahma, according to this theory, is made up of one thousand mahayugas (“great cosmic ages”), each lasting 4.32 million years. 

The Krta yuga, Treta yuga, Dvapara yuga, and Kali yuga are the four component yugas of each mahayuga. 

Each one is shorter than the one before it, ushering in a more corrupt and perverted age. 

The four yugas are separated by a period of abrupt and spectacular rebirth at the start of the krta yuga, which is followed by a gradual and continuous fall. 

Although the kali yuga is the shortest of the four eras, it is also the period of greatest wickedness and depravity, during which any evil may be perpetrated. 

It is also, predictably, the time period in which we are now living. 

Things have become so terrible at the conclusion of the kali yuga that the only option is to destroy and recreate the planet, at which point the new krta period starts. 

Even though the kali yuga is the shortest, it lasts 432,000 years, and the yugas before it are two, three, and four times as long. 

The metals connected with each of the four yugas represent their progressive degeneracy: gold (krta), silver (dvapara), bronze (treta), and iron (iron) (kali). 

Another indicator is the human condition, which is believed to be becoming shorter, more wicked, and shorter-lived with each passing era. 

The four yugas paradigm provides little space in traditional Hinduism for the concept of development, since things will never be better than they are now, according to this theory. 

Rather than a utopian future, it idealizes a lost and unreachable past. 

The human and divine calendars are linked by an alternative method of calculating cosmic time, with one human year equaling a single day for the gods. 

The divine day is the six months when the sun travels north (uttarayana), and the divine night is the six months when it travels south (dakshinayana). 

A heavenly year will last 360 human years since an Indian solar year is 360 solar days. 

Brahma has a life span of 100 heavenly years, or 36,000 human years, after which the universe is destroyed and recreated. 

The Manvantaras, or Manu's ages, are a third system. 

The day of Brahma is divided into fourteen equal eras, each lasting little less than 309,000 years, according to this theory. 

Each era is distinguished by the divine sovereign (manu) who reigns at the time. 

None of these three systems are compatible, and there is no genuine attempt to reconcile them. 

This discrepancy suggests that their primary purpose was mythological, establishing a cohesive cosmic timeline and pattern rather than describing real occurrences. 

See cosmic time, calendar, and lunar month for many articulations of time in traditional Hindu culture.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - What Is Cosmic Time?

 


Cosmic Time. 


 Time has no origin or conclusion in ancient Indian cosmology. 

Instead, it alternates between creation and activity, followed by cessation and quietude, in a never-ending cycle pattern. 

As a result, the cosmos has no ultimate beginning or end—creation will always be followed by destruction, and then destroyed by a new creation. 

There are many distinct and sometimes conflicting methods for measuring cosmic time within the limits of this premise. 

The kalpa, or day of Brahma, is the most widely recognized unit of time, lasting 4.32 billion years. 

Although the cosmos undergoes recurrent renewals during this time, this is the final limit for the existence of the created world. 

The global dissolution (pralaya) occurs at the end of Brahma's day, when the world is entirely annihilated and reabsorbed into the deity Vishnu. 

Brahma's day is followed by an equal-length night, during which Vishnu is the sole living creature; the deity sleeps on the back of his snake couch, Shesha, which floats on the cosmic ocean's surface. 

A lotus grows from Vishnu's navel after Brahma's night is through. 

The deity Brahma emerges from the lotus, taking up the task of creation, and the circle of activity starts again. 

One of Brahma's titles is Svayambhu ("selfborn"), which refers to his spontaneous emergence at the beginning of each cosmic era. 

Unlike the Judeo-Christian notion of creation, Brahma does not create the world from nothing, but rather organizes and molds existing components into a unified and orderly universe. 

According to different theories, Brahma's day is divided into smaller parts. 

The four yugas, or cosmic eras, are by far the most popular scheme. 

The day of Brahma, according to this theory, is made up of one thousand mahayugas (“great cosmic ages”), each lasting 4.32 million years. 

The Krta yuga, Treta yuga, Dvapara yuga, and Kali yuga are the four component yugas of each mahayuga. 

Each one is shorter than the one before it, ushering in a more corrupt and perverted age. 

The four yugas are separated by a period of abrupt and spectacular rebirth at the start of the krta yuga, which is followed by a gradual and continuous fall. 

Although the kali yuga is the shortest of the four eras, it is also the period of greatest wickedness and depravity, during which any evil may be perpetrated. 

It is also, predictably, the time period in which we are now living. 

Things have become so terrible at the conclusion of the kali yuga that the only option is to destroy and recreate the planet, at which point the new krta period starts. 

Even though the kali yuga is the shortest, it lasts 432,000 years, and the yugas before it are two, three, and four times as long. 

The metals connected with each of the four yugas represent their progressive degeneracy: gold (krta), silver (dvapara), bronze (treta), and iron (iron) (kali). 

Another indicator is the human condition, which is believed to be becoming shorter, more wicked, and shorter-lived with each passing era. 

The four yugas paradigm provides little space in traditional Hinduism for the concept of development, since things will never be better than they are now, according to this theory. 

Rather than a utopian future, it idealizes a lost and unreachable past. 

The human and divine calendars are linked by an alternative method of calculating cosmic time, with one human year equaling a single day for the gods. 

The divine day is the six months when the sun travels north (uttarayana), and the divine night is the six months when it travels south (dakshinayana). 

A heavenly year will last 360 human years since an Indian solar year is 360 solar days. 

Brahma has a life span of 100 heavenly years, or 36,000 human years, after which the universe is destroyed and recreated. 

The Manvantaras, or Manu's ages, are a third system. 

The day of Brahma is divided into fourteen equal eras, each lasting little less than 309,000 years, according to this theory. 

Each era is distinguished by the divine sovereign (manu) who reigns at the time. 

None of these three systems are compatible, and there is no genuine attempt to reconcile them. 

This discrepancy suggests that their primary purpose was mythological, establishing a cohesive cosmic timeline and pattern rather than describing real occurrences. 

 



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Ram Navami

 


Ram Navami  is observed in the honor of the Hindu god Ram.

On the ninth day of the bright (waxing) half of the lunar month of Chaitra (March–April), a festival is held.

Ram Navami is the birthday of the deity Rama, the god Vishnu's seventh incarnation, and it also marks the completion of the Goddess's spring Navaratri festival.

The Goddess festival of Navaratri, held twice a year in the spring and autumn, culminates with a Rama celebration each time.

The rationale for this festival sequence is unclear, but it most likely reflects societal imperatives to balance the Goddess's explosive but uncontrollable fertile feminine force with Rama's stable and predictable male vitality.

Ram Navami is extensively observed throughout India, but particularly at Ayodhya, which is historically regarded as his birthplace.

Devotees (bhakta) may pray at home, fast (upavasa), attend religious dis courses (katha), or visit temples for darshan and worship as part of their festivals.

This event has become a day for major rallies and political activity as Hindutva (militant, politicized Hinduism) has grown in popularity.

This is especially true in Ayodhya, where the ongoing effort to construct the Ram Janam Bhumi temple on the site of Rama's birthplace has given this day added significance.

Ramprasad is an abbreviation for Ramprasad (early 19th c.) Bengali poet-saint and goddess Kali follower (bhakta), who is well-known for the force and expressiveness of his poetry.

Little is known about his life, as it is with many religious (bhakti) personalities.

According to legend, he worked as a clerk for a brief time before becoming a literary patron when his generous employer saw him spending his days writing poems to Kali.

Ramprasad's poetry honors the Goddess in a variety of forms, including Uma, Durga, and Bhairavi, although the most of his poems are dedicated to Kali.

Despite Kali's terrifying tendencies, Ramprasad calls her "mother" and clings to her like a kid, despite her best efforts to dissuade him.

As a consequence, his unwavering and unconditional devotion to Kali eliminates all fear and leads to his liberation.

Further reading may be found in David R. Kinsley's 1975 book The Sword and the Flute, as well as Clinton Seely and Leonard Nathan's (trans.) 1999 book Grace and Mercy in Her Wild Hair.

Hinduism - Who Is Goddess Chamunda?

 





Chamunda Devi is the presiding deity of the Chamunda Devi temple on the banks of the Bana Ganga in Himachal Pradesh, and one of nine goddesses whose shrines may be found across the Shiwalik Hills. 



Despite the fact that each of these goddesses has her own identity, they are all regarded as different manifestations of the same Goddess. 




Chamunda's founding story is based on events described in the Devimahatmya, a Sanskrit book that depicts the Goddess in many incarnations and is the cult's oldest and most significant mythological source. 





The goddess Ambika's rage manifests as the fearsome goddess Kali, who marches into battle against the demon generals Chanda and Munda, whom she ultimately beheads, according to the Devimahatmya's eighth book. 



The goddess is revered as Chamunda at the Bana Ganga temple because it symbolizes the spot where both Chanda and Munda were destroyed. 



Chamunda is the name of a ferocious and deadly deity who is often associated with the goddess Kali. 

The heroine, Malati, is abducted by followers (bhakta) of the goddess Chamunda and given as a human sacrifice to her in Bhavabhuti's eighth-century play Malatimadhava. 

The drama's developments mirror the ambiguity with which such strong goddesses—and their devotees—have been seen in the past. 





In the Devimahatmya, the Sanskrit book that is the oldest and most significant mythological source for the Goddess's worship, Chanda is a demon general slain by the Goddess. 


The Goddess is depicted in this literature in a variety of forms. 

The goddess Ambika's rage manifests into the terrible goddess Kali in the seventh book. 

Kali assaults Chanda and his partner Munda's demon forces, and after defeating the army, she beheads the two generals. 

Chamunda, as the killer of Chanda and Munda, is one of the titles by which the Goddess is revered as a monument to this legendary act. 









See David R. Kinsley's Hindu Goddesses (1986) and Kathleen Erndl's Victory to the Mother (1993) for further details. 















Ramakrishna

 


 (1836–86) was a Hindu sage who lived from 1836 to 1886.

Bengali mystic and saint who was a pivotal influence in the resurgence of Hinduism in the nineteenth century.

Ramakrishna was born to a country priest and had minimal formal schooling throughout his life.

He spent his adult life as a temple priest in the Kali temple in Dakshineshwar, outside of Calcutta, where he kept much of his rural simplicity.

Ramakrishna had been dedicated to the Goddess Kali from boyhood, and he described himself as "intoxicated with God." He searched and discovered the divine, initially via Kali, then through a number of other religious ways, such as the theoretical Upanishads' abstract monism, devotion to the deity Vishnu, Christianity, and Islam.

As a result of these encounters, he came to believe that the inner experience was the same in all religious traditions and lead to the same heavenly presence.

Despite his lack of publicity, Ramakrishna became well-known in Calcutta's religious circles as a result of his affiliation with Keshub Chander Sen, the reformist Brahmo Samaj's head.

This association brought him disciples who would spread his teachings, particularly Narendranath Datta, better known as Swami Vivekananda.

See Christopher Isherwood, Ramakrishna and His Disciples, 1965, for a devotee's perspective; see Jeffrey Kripal, Kali's Child, 1995, for a modern psychological reading.

Hinduism - What Is The Devimahatmya?


 (“The Goddess's Greatness”) The religion of the Goddess as the highest divine power's oldest and most significant legendary source. 

The Devimahatmya is a portion of the Markandeya Purana, a major Sanskrit (holy language) literature that is generally thought to have been written in the Narmada River area in the fifth or sixth centuries. 

The Devimahatmya is famous for asserting that God is a woman. 

The previous Hindu tradition, in which female deities exist but are minor, has no obvious root for this concept. 

Because it appears fully formed in the Devimahatmya, this belief must have existed at some level, and the notion must have taken some time to grow before it reached its complete perfection in this work. 

The Durgasaptashati ("700 poems to Durga") is another frequent name for the Devimahatmya, which is a 700-verse book. 

A framing tale introduces the book, in which a monarch and a merchant, both tormented by worldly problems, seek sanctuary in the forest. 

They meet a guru there, who listens to each of their experiences and explains that Mahamaya (a Goddess epithet) is to blame for all of their problems. 

This is an appellation for the Goddess as the single force behind the cosmos and wielder of illusion. 

When prodded for further information, the sage relates three mythological stories, each depicting the Goddess's salvific activities. 

These three stories make up the majority of the book and serve as the foundation for Goddess worship. 

The first tale retells the legend of the demons Madhu and Kaitabha, who are created from the deity Vishnu's earwax during the cosmic dissolution era (pralaya). 

A lotus blooms from Vishnu's navel as the universe is created all over again. 

It begins by revealing Brahma, the creator-god, who is immediately threatened by Madhu and Kaitabha. 

Although the narrative of these two demons exists in Vishnu mythology, there are considerable differences in this rendition. 

Brahma asks for aid in all versions of the narrative, and Vishnu finally slays the demons. 

Brahma's song of appreciation in the Devimahatmya, however, is to the Goddess, who, in her guise as Yoganidra (“yoga sleep”), has lulled Vishnu into a cosmic coma, making him powerless to assist Brahma. 

The Goddess withdraws her power over Vishnu in response to Brahma's praise, and he wakes and slays the demons. 

The buffalo-demon Mahishasura is the focus of the second narrative, and he is so strong that none of the gods can defeat him. 

When the gods are recalling their defeats at the hands of the demon, each deity begins to emit a dazzling brilliance. 

This light condenses into a single luminous mass, from which the Goddess's form emerges. 

The Goddess is depicted in this tale as the concentrated essence of all the gods, making her superior to any of them. 

This concept is emphasized by each of the gods gifting her a replica of their weapons, implying that she wields all of their heavenly abilities figuratively. 

After a horrific struggle, the Goddess takes up arms against Mahishasura and his army and slays him. 

The Goddess is also shown as a warrior-queen in the third narrative. 

In this episode, she battles and defeats Shumbha and Nishumbha's demon armies, as well as their subordinates Chanda, Munda, and Raktabija. 

The violent goddess Kali, who breaks out from the Goddess's forehead as her fury embodied, makes her first appearance in this myth. 

By cramming the demon armies into her mouth and digesting them, Kali aids the Goddess in defeating the demon armies. 

Kali also aids in the defeat of the demon Raktabija, who has been given the request that everytime a drop of his blood falls on the ground, it would turn into a full-size replica of himself. 

This renders him invulnerable to traditional methods of assassination. 

By consuming Raktabija's blood before it hits the earth, Kali is able to counter this extraordinary ability. 

This narrative, like the second, includes extensive details of combat devastation. 

All of these tales portray the Goddess as the highest celestial being, considerably superior to the pantheon's male gods. 

The framing tale concludes with a long song of praise to the Goddess, as well as enumeration of the benefits of her adoration. 

Both the monarch and the merchant begin to worship her, and three years later, both of their wishes are realized. 

The monarch requests a bigger and impregnable realm, referring to the Goddess's ability to grant earthly desires. 

The merchant, on the other hand, asks for complete emancipation, demonstrating his understanding of her power over illusion and the ultimate spiritual objective. 

Thomas B. Coburn, Devi Mahatmya, 1984, is a good source of knowledge. 



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Hinduism - Who Is Nataraja In The Hindu Pantheon?

 


Shiva's incarnation as the "Lord of the Dance." The most renowned Nataraja picture may be seen at Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu's temple town.

The temple was built during the reign of Vira Raja (927–997 C.E.) and is dedicated to Nataraja.

The depiction of Nataraja, on the other hand, is well-known, especially in southern Indian bronzes from the Chola era (9th–13th centuries).

One of Shiva's most fundamental qualities as a god is that he transcends all duality; the Nataraja picture represents this notion.

Shiva dances in a circle of fire, which represents birth and death, yet he is unaffected by these powers.

Shiva's matted hair sway wildly as he dances, revealing the power of his action, yet his countenance remains emotionless and undisturbed.

One of his four hands is occupied by the creation drum, while the other is occupied by the destruction fire.

His third hand is raised palm upward in a "fear not" gesture.

The fourth point is to his upraised foot, which is a sign of heavenly kindness and shelter for the devotee (bhakta).

His other foot smashes a demon, demonstrating his ability to exorcise evil.

The picture is a well-crafted theological message that can be "read" by people with the necessary skills.

Shiva and Kali, the goddess, seek to settle their rivalry with a dancing competition in Nataraja's founding tale.

Shiva eventually triumphs over Kali by emerging as Nataraja and performing an athletic (tandava) dancing style that Kali is unable to imitate due to her feminine modesty.

Regardless of its mythic origins, Chidambaram's Nataraja temple has been a major center for traditional Indian dance for over a thousand years.

Relief sculptures illustrating the 108 fundamental dance positions can be seen on the temple's eastern wall (karanas).

These postures are crucial in traditional Indian dance, especially in the Bharatanatyam school, which is Tamil Nadu's most popular dance form.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - Who Is Munda In Hindu Mythology?

 



In the Devimahatmya, a Sanskrit work that is the oldest and most significant legendary source for the Goddess's devotion, the Goddess kills a demon general.

The Goddess is depicted in this literature in a variety of forms.

The goddess Ambika's rage manifests into the frightening goddess Kali in the seventh book.

The demon forces headed by Munda and his sidekick Chanda are attacked by Kali.

Kali beheads the two generals after defeating the army.

The Goddess is known as Chamunda, the killer of Chanda and Munda, as a remembrance to her legendary feat.


~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - Who Were Thugs In Association With Kali Worship?

 

 

One of the most convincing legends in colonialist mythology about the ferocity of the East and the demonic aspects of Hinduism is that of the Thugs, a clan of thieves who were worshippers (bhakta) of the goddess Kali.

Thugs, according to popular belief, were widely distributed across India and frequented roads, looking for travelers to prey on.

They would travel with their victims for days on end, sometimes for weeks, before killing them—sometimes by offering them drugs-laced sweets, and sometimes just by catching them off guard.

The victims would be strangled with a silken scarf, and no blood would be spilt whenever possible, since the victims' blood was considered a sacrifice to the goddess Kali and should not be squandered.

The Thugs seized the victims' worldly assets under a spoils system that divided the rewards between god and follower.

This diabolical practice endured until the British uprooted it and destroyed it in the 1830s.

Although the myth of the Thugs is compelling, much of it has been disproved by more modern scholarship.

The dramatic economic disruption produced by the entrance of the British themselves was one of the key elements in the birth of the Thugs.

Many of the individuals who were ostracized by these forces went on the run and turned to banditry in their despair.

These small-scale, mostly localized heinous acts were converted into a worldwide religious conspiracy.

The Thugs myth undoubtedly reflected British colonial anxieties about their capacity to manage their area, but it might also have mirrored British colonial fears about their ability to rule their territory.

Despite the fact that allusions to the Thugs may be found in manuscripts written before British contact, this was one of the most persistent colonial misconceptions.

See C. A. Bayly's Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (1988) and The Raj (1990) for further details.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - Who Is Goddess Kalika Devi?

 

Name of both a shrine and its presiding goddess in the Shiwalik Hills (foothills of the Himalayas).

Kalika Devi is one of the Shiwalik deities and is said to be a manifestation of Kali.

The temple is located in the town of Kalka, which is located on the route between Chandigarh and Simla.

The figure of Kalika Devi, like that of many other Shiwalik deities, is a natural stone outcropping.

This is regarded as the Goddess's self-manifested (svayambhu) form.

Unlike many other Shiwalik goddesses, the Hindi literature on this shrine does not state that it is part of the Shakti Pithas, a network of holy locations related mythically as places where a body part of the dismembered goddess Sati fell to earth.

Instead, the literature praises the temple for its grandeur and might.

Local priests identify it as the location where Sati's hair fell to earth, according to the literature.

This demonstrates both the power of pamphlet literature in directing pilgrim traffic and the importance of connecting one's place to the Shakti Pithas' network.

Kalika Devi's head is said to be the protrusion of stone that creates her appearance.

Kali assumed the guise of a lovely lady and came to the temple to perform celebratory songs during the Navaratri festival, according to legend.

Her voice and attractiveness had such an impact on the local king that he asked her to marry him.

Kali was enraged by the king's remark and cursed him to lose his realm.

She also forced the temple image to begin sinking into the dirt as a symbol of her anger.

She permitted the image's head to stay exposed at the request of an enthusiastic follower.

~Kiran Atma


Discover more about Hindu Art, Architecture, and Iconography here.

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Hinduism - What Is Dvapara Yuga?


 is the fourth epoch of the Hindu calendar.

One of the cosmic time reckonings assigns a certain age to the Earth. 

Traditional thinking is that time has no origin or conclusion, but rather rotates between cycles of creation and activity, followed by halt and silence. 

Each of these cycles lasts 4.32 billion years, with the Day of Brahma being the active period and the Night of Brahma being the tranquil phase. 

The Day of Brahma is split into one thousand mahayugas ("great cosmic eras"), each lasting 4.32 million years, according to one accounting of cosmic chronology. 

The Krta Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga are the four component yugas (units of cosmic time) that make up each mahayuga. 

Each of these four yugas is shorter than the one before it, ushering in a period of greater degeneration and depravity. 

Things have grown so horrible towards the conclusion of the Kali Yuga that the only remedy is to destroy and recreate the world, at which point the new Krta period starts. 

The Dvapara Yuga, which lasts 864,000 years, is the third of four yugas that make up a mahayuga. 

Bronze is the metal linked with the Dvapara yuga, which is less valued than gold and silver from previous eras but superior than the Kali yuga's iron. 

This is widely thought to be the cosmic era when the deity Krishna first came on Earth. 



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Pranayama - Kundalini Ascension And Vayus



After meditation and health/life extension, the function of the apana vayu as a motor for Kundalini-rousing is the third major area where the vayus are discussed. 


  • The main vayus, with the exception of apana, either travel upwards (prana vayu, udana vayu) or are directionless (samana and vyana vayus). 
  • The apana vayu, with its powerful downward flow, is primarily responsible for life force depletion and keeping us bound to our animal nature. 
  • Apana has a significant effect on vocabulary, resulting in an overuse of faeces and sexual phrases. 
  • If we turn up our apana, we may leave our animalistic side behind and embrace the Divine, according to yoga. 


The mixing of prana and apana in kumbhaka at the Manipura Chakra causes the Kundalini to rise. 

In ancient writings, this is a common topic. By using Mula Bandha in Siddhasana, Sage Yajnavalkya taught to his wife, Gargi, how to send apana on an upward trajectory. 

  • The fire must be fanned after it reaches the Manipura Chakra (the fire chakra) by pulling prana vayu down. 
  • The snake Kundalini's tail will be bummed by the fire, and the serpent will ascend through the chakras, propelled by the twin forces of apana vayu and fire. Kundalini is said to be awakened by apana with fire and moves up like a snake, according to Sage Vasishta. 
  • Raghuvira goes into more depth in his Kumbhaka Paddhati/4, which is dedicated exclusively on pranayama. 


Mastery of apana (apana jaya), he claims, would lead to mastery of mula bandha (root lock), mudras (energy seals), dharana (concentration), agni (fire), Kundalini rising, and an increase in sattva guna (intelligence). 

Here are a few explanations: 

  • Apana (vital down current) and mula bandha (root lock) are almost interchangeable. 
  • The mastery of one will lead to mastery of the other. 
  • The stoking of agni will follow mastery of apana (fire). 
  • Toxins will be absorbed by a powerful agni, which will improve health. Kundalini is roused by a powerful agni and a tilted apana. 


When a diligent practitioner raises Kundalini, the yogi will be able to practice dharana (concentration) and then the other higher limbs. 


It's important to note that in more contemporary texts (i.e. those from the Kali Yuga), the word Kundalini refers to what Patanjali meant by dharana. 

  • Humanity was more intellectually and philosophically oriented during Patanjali's era (Dvapara Yuga). 
  • Patanjali's concept of dharana, which was generally recognized at the time, was the capacity to tie the mind to one location for three hours. 
  • People in our present era, the Kali Yuga, are much more physically oriented, therefore yogis searched for a physical meaning of the word dharana. 
  • Dharana, or tying the mind to a sattvic (holy) meditation object for three hours, was only feasible when the prana was elevated to the upper chakras, according to yogis. 
  • If prana is restricted to the lower chakras, one will express themselves in terms of survival (Muladhara Chakra), sexual identity (Svadhishthana Chakra), or absorption of money, food, and things (Svadhishthana Chakra) (Manipura Chakra). 


Kundalini is the term given to Prana as it rises. 


  • The Kali Yuga's physically oriented yogis sought for methods to elevate Kundalini in order to strengthen dharana. 
  • The route of air and the path of fire, or the usage of both at the same time, are two of the most common methods to raise Kundalini. 
  • 'Path of fire' refers to cleansing and stoking agni (fire). 
  • The term "path of air" refers to raising the apana vayu and utilizing it as a motor to raise Kundalini.
  • Remember that apana is the only vayu current that firmly points down. 
  • If it is turned upwards, all of the vayus will suck up Kundalini like a big vacuum cleaner, and this is what the route of air refers to. 
  • According to the Yoga Kundalini Upanishad, Mula bandha is used to elevate apana, which usually flows downward. 
  • According to the Upanishad, apana ascending up will mingle with agni, and the two will rise together to the Manipura Chakra. 
  • They will join with prana vayu (vital up stream) here, and Kundalini will ascend up via the sushumna, sucked up by the vayus and lit by agni (notice that the English term ignite is derived from the Sanskrit agni = fire). 


In a nutshell, this is how the more contemporary yoga shastras explain how to attain dharana (scriptures). 

However, it just repackages old ideas in a more contemporary language. 

The word sushumna, which refers to the core energy conduit and the route for Kundalini ascension, was first used in the Chandogya Upanishad/9, which predates the Yoga Sutras by centuries. 

I've gone into great length to demonstrate that there isn't a yoga of the Vedic seers, a yoga of the ancient Upanishads, a classical yoga of Patanjali, and a more contemporary yoga of the Hatha Yoga, as some Western academics claim. 

This isn't the case at all. There has been a continuous, consistent history of sages and siddhas who have experienced the same mystical experience for thousands of years. 

What changed was the audience's ability to comprehend the lessons. 

As a result, the same mystical experience was clothed in various languages and modified using diverse techniques to reach an audience whose makeup had changed throughout the millennia.


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A Rediscovery And Rebirth Of India






Om Asato maa sadgamaya, tamaso maajyotirgamamaya, 

Om mrityor-maa amrutam gamamaya. 

Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih |||. 


Lord, guide me from the imaginary to the actual. 

Bring me to the light, please. 

Bring me to immortality from the grave. 

May there be absolute, unbroken peace. 


~ An incantation in Sanskrit taken from Brihadaranyaka Upanishads 1.3.28. 



In every realm Gatekeepers inadvertently act as barriers that create separation. Gatekeepers invariably become the enemies of existence awaiting eternity's Destruction. 

Rulers, Governments, Organizations, Financial Entities, and the chaos and cacophony that define them, now are the gatekeepers of the quality of Your Life on Earth. 

This speck of a planet we advanced primates call home is overrun by gatekeepers.

Gatekeepers remind me of Jaya and Vijaya, of Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, of Ravana and Kumbhakarna. Memories are all that's left(of them).


Jaya, one of the gatekeepers of the deity Vishnu's celestial home Vaikuntha, is cursed, along with his brother Vijaya, to be born three times as a demon (asura) and destroyed by Vishnu each time.

When they prevent Sanaka from seeing Vishnu, he bestows this curse on them.

The two are born as Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, who are slaughtered by the Boar avatar and the Man-Lion avatar, respectively, in their first incarnation.

Ravana and Kumbhakarna are their second incarnations, and both are destroyed by Vishnu's Rama avatar.

They reincarnate as Shisupala and Dantavaktra in their last incarnation and are murdered by Vishnu's Krishna avatar.

They return to their responsibilities as Vishnu's Guardians and Gatekeepers after the curse's criteria have been met.



Since the beginning of time, people have been to India from all over the globe. 

They have arrived as nations such as the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Portuguese, French, Dutch, and British, as well as as ethnic groups and individuals such as Hiuen Tsang, Mark Twain, Annie Besant, Romain Rolland, and Walther Eidlitz. 

They all had one thing in common: they all came looking for money and commerce, some looking for safety from persecution, some looking for spiritual enlightenment. 

Their lives were irrevocably altered by India. In the West, the name "India" conjures up images of snake charmers, pagan gods, cows, castes, and Gandhi. In the East, it conjures up images of Buddha, curries, and elephants. 

Why is it the case? What influences the unfavorable and often biased opinions of India? Who was behind these outrageous fabrications, and why? It's crucial to travel through time to learn about an old place, its people, their beliefs, the religion, and the interactions of its residents with the rest of the world that have influenced outsiders' impressions in order to comprehend these things. 

India has unique physical, cultural, and magnificent natural limits, with a geographical mass the size of Europe minus Russia. 

Strategically situated between China and the rest of the Western world, it is home to 1/6 of mankind. 

Three major rivers—the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra—water the area whose limits extend from the Himalayas, known as the "abode of snow" for its massive mountain range. India is a triangle-shaped country that stretches from the high Himalayas to the pleasantly warm Indian Ocean. 

These geographic divisions have promoted amazing cultural variety and unity. The Hindu religion, which is followed by 850 million people, as well as its offshoots such as Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, were both developed in India, the most varied country in the world. 

Additionally, it has one of the world's fastest expanding economies right now. 

For thousands of years, connections between civilizations and countries have been centered on religion, commerce, and conquest. 

The same is true of India. Men from many different countries have been inspired by the grandeur and prosperity of classical India. Indian concepts of the soul and its reincarnation were ingrained in Pythagoras and his contemporaries. 

On his return trip from the Mongol court of China, Marco Polo, who had previously been to India, proclaimed it to be "the finest and wealthiest nation in the world." Alexander of Macedonia, a Greek, was the first to set foot on Indian soil in 326 B.C., followed by the Huns, the Arabs, the Turks, and the Afghans in 963 A.D. 

The Arabs have always engaged with India's prosperous commercial ports and cities. 

Beginning in 1526, the Mongols—Genghis Khan's descendants—conquered and ruled over a large portion of India. 

Beginning with the Portuguese in 1498, the Europeans were the last to arrive in India. 

Along with the Dutch (1639), the British (1609), the Danes (1616), the French (1664), and the Danes traveled to India's coasts in search of her fabled riches and resources. The British first arrived as merchants but lingered for over 200 years to control and plunder. 

India was reportedly visited by the first Greek, Scylax of Caryanda, in 510 BC. Since that time, Europe is aware of several reports and facts about India. Greece received several translations and writings of Indian philosophy. 

For instance, both civilizations had a reverence for the gods of heaven Varuna or Ouranos and morning Ushas or Aurora. After the rise of Islamic dominance in the seventh century, this tight communication between India and Europe came to an end. 

Numerous Sanskrit literature, notably The Mahabharat and The Bhagavad-Gita, were translated into Arabic during the subsequent Islamic assaults. According to legend, the fourth Caliph said that India is the country where books were first written and where wisdom and knowledge originated. 

The Upanishads were translated from Sanskrit into Persian by Dara Shikoh under the title Sirr-ul-Akbar during the Mongol era, when Islamic culture was being imposed, and it was in this form that European academics first encountered them. 

Sanskrit translations of Hindu texts into English were undertaken by the British, first by Charles Wilkins with his translation of "The Bhagavad Gita," then by Sir William Jones and several other translators. 

The majority of the Western world's present knowledge of Hinduism is based on translations of Hindu texts made in the second half of the eighteenth century in English, German, and French. Numerous Europeans were concerned about losing their sense of cultural identity as a result of the discovery of Sanskrit and the influence of Indian thinking on the intellectual life of Europe. 

Such foreigners are the ones who offer the names Hindu and India. 

The word "Hindu" as we use it now has Persian roots. Indians were known to the Persians as residents of the region around the Sindhu (Indus) River. Hindu was given the name by the Persians who softened the S to an H. The term Indus was transformed to Indoi by the Ionian Greeks, who learned about India from the Persians, and the country of Indus became known as India. 

India's ancient past is very vast and all-encompassing and is buried in the prehistoric obscurity of time. 

Her history is amazing in terms of its breadth, splendor, and trials. Its religion, Hinduism, also known as Sartatan Dharma, has a long and distant history that spans many yugas of time. 

A time frame so incredible that it has never been equaled by a European notion. The only revelation whose principles are entirely consistent with contemporary science is the slow and gradual construction of the cosmos. We are now living in the Kaliyuga, also known as the era of Kali, as per Vedic traditions. 

The fourth and last yuga (age) in the cosmic calendar, after Satya, Treta, Dwaparyuga, and Kali, is known as Kali yuga. According to legend, the Kaliyuga lasted for 432,000 years, the Dvaparayuga for 864,000, the Tretayuga for 1,296,000, and the Satyayuga for 17,280,000. 

The world's oldest civilization, Hinduism, has an astonishing level of continuity. Her historical records date back to the year 5000. Even now, the intricately carved temples of her mature and stable civilisation show a beauty of times past. 

Time was fittingly deified as Mahakala, Great Time, in her rich and ancient history. Hinduism firmly believes in either emptiness or infinity. The Vedic sages of India had no qualms about the vacuum or the limitless. 

Given this notion, it is only fitting that the concept of the mathematical "zero" or "sunya" was invented by the Hindus. Hinduism, also known as Sanatan Dharma, is more of a way of life than a religion. 

It is not a structured religion, has no founder or notable historical figure, lacks a centralized authority, and is hence surprisingly non-dogmatic. 

It has always placed a greater emphasis on behavior and experience than it has on doctrine, and on intuition rather than reason. It is a religion based on several texts rather than just one. It is a revelation-based religion. 

Since the word "Sanatan" means "eternal," its roots are independent of human history and experience, and its truths have been revealed by the hand of God. 

Hinduism has more old and extensive texts than any other existing religion. Since they were initially told orally and developed over thousands of years, it is challenging to date these texts. 

Hindu texts fall into two categories: Smriti, which is memorized, and Shruti, which is heard. The Upanishads and Vedas are regarded as Shruti. 

The Dharma Shastras, Nibhandas, Puranas, the Mahabharata (The Bhagavad Gita), the Ramayana, Agamas or Tantras, Darshanas, and Vedangas are among the texts that Smriti mentions (Upa Vedas). 

The Vedas (Book of Knowledge), one of the world's oldest written holy writings, are considered to be India's greatest heritage. They are an extraordinary and remarkable collection of poetry, philosophy, and hymns. 

Since they were discovered via the Vedic rishis' intuitive vision, they are regarded as having divine origins. The four Vedas are the Atharva, Yajur, Sarna, and Rig. With its comprehensive inquiries into the origin and nature of the cosmos, the "Hymn of Creation" in the Rig Veda offers the most sophisticated theory of creation. 

The song continues by stating that neither death nor immortality, neither day nor night, existed in the beginning. There was nothing but vacuum and formlessness. Then desire, the spiritual embryo and seed, emerged. 

But from whence did it really come into being, and who is able to establish its origin? The creation of the gods is later than that of our planet. 

So, from whence did it originate in the first place? The Upanishads are the last section of the Vedas, and they include mystical and intellectual explorations in search of the divine within. 

As they investigate the unity of man and God, they represent the climax of Vedic teachings and one of humanity's most profound inquiries. 

The adage "tat twam asi," "Thou are that," refers to the atman, or "breath of the Absolute," which is present in all living things and is what is really genuine and what the actual truth is. 

The Bhagavad-Gita, also known as The Song of the Lord, is a chapter of the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic. 

It is one of the most significant and well-known religious writings in India and has 18,000 stanzas. It is a conversation between Lord Krishna and Aljuna just before the start of the Great War of the Mahabharata. It is a philosophical song that perfectly explains Hindu ideology. 

The Bhagavad Gita is a very idealistic text that emphasizes absolute tolerance: "Whichever devotee desires to worship whatever heavenly form (rupa) with intense devotion, I, truly, render that faith of him steadfast." The Mahabharata has 100,000 stanzas, whilst The Ramayana's epics are divided into 24,000 stanzas. 

The Mahabharata is an insightful account of a crucial chapter in Indian history. 

New archaeological investigation has shown that the fabled city of Lord Krishna, Dwaraka, was indeed a historic location, notwithstanding disagreements about the times and locations. 

The religious practices and architecture of Indo-China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and other locations have absorbed elements of India's poetic and creative culture, especially the protagonists of the epics Krishna and Arjuna. 

Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language, is used in Hindu sculptures. The classical language of Hinduism was Sanskrit, which has the meaning "cultured" and is also the oldest and most orderly language in existence. 

Actually, its breadth and adaptability make it the perfect language for today's computer software development. Additionally, Panini's grammar of Sanskrit is the world's smallest and most comprehensive grammar. 

Hindu texts were transmitted verbally from the sages to their pupils for a very long time. Maharishi Ved Vyasa subsequently collected these and placed them in literary form in Sanskrit. Hinduism is not a set ideology; rather, it is always evolving and changing. 

It has grown into a huge, intricate tangle of customs and philosophical ideas that is constantly expanding. It is a religion that is always changing, and because of this, it has grown very diverse and rich, like an elaborate tapestry with many different colors. 

Hinduism is flexible, diversified, and open to accepting various faiths. Dharma is an all-encompassing cosmic rule that controls every aspect of the cosmos, including every single soul. It is the most fundamental law of the universe and the basis of all things. 

Our lives are governed by the rule of karma, a natural law similar to the law of gravity. Karma is influenced by personal behavior. You get back what you put in. Thus, the interaction of cause and effect is the web of Karma. 

It is the natural result of our prior deeds. Samsara, the cycle of birth, life, death, and reincarnation, is the outcome of this. The emancipation from this cycle is the aim of all Hindu philosophy. These ideas make it difficult for most Hindus to understand the Western concept of a single existence. 

Contrary to common opinion, Hinduism is a monotheistic religion because it honors the unity within diversity of the divine. There are several ways to reach God, and each one is as legitimate. There are no heretics or unbelievers in this good religion. 

The everlasting goal of India was to unite all of creation under one human identity. All life and all pathways are thus sacrosanct. In the holistic religion of Hinduism, all life—including that of humans, animals, and plants—is revered. 

Hinduism has always been an ecologically conscious religion, and like a rainforest, it has continually renewed, developed, and changed over the centuries. Hinduism may place the most emphasis on environmental ethics of any religion. 

With its notions of ahimsa, there is a special sensitivity to not just the human world but to the whole natural world (non-violence). Because of the pervasive concern for life, India (Bharat Mata) as a whole is regarded as holy. In actuality, Lord Vishnu's spouse is personified as Mother Earth. 

India, a holy nation sandwiched between the Himalayan Mountains and the Indian Ocean, has a long history of coexisting peacefully and developing into a wonderful civilization. 

The whole nation, including its seven sacred towns, like Dwaraka, its seven sacred rivers, like the Ganga and the Saraswati, and its seven sacred mountains, like the Himalayas and Arunachal, are revered as holy places of pilgrimage. 

There is little doubt that Classical India was a wealthy civilization with thriving trade relations with many regions of the globe, including Southeast Asia. Students anxious to get a top-notch education flocked to her universities, including Taxila and Nalanda. 

India has been praised for her wealth from ancient times. She had always been the center of attention, drawing both Asian and European admirers who lusted for her sparkling riches. All conquerors, including Alexander, aspired to possess India, and she was their ultimate goal. 

Indian civilization, including mathematics, medicine, and other fields, entered the West through the Arabs. As the fabled and wealthy "golden bird" of the East, India was often targeted by the West over her northern boundary. 

The defenseless, women, aged, priests, and the captured population could not be killed, and the rules of battle in Hinduism were exceedingly chivalrous and merciful. Numerous ethnic groups found refuge in tolerant, kind India, yet during religious fervor, many Hindus were massacred, slain, and sold into slavery. 

Before the beginning of the Muslim invasion and the beginning of European empire, religious intolerance was scarcely ever seen in ancient India. 

India was one of the most developed civilizations ever on the eve of the Muslim conquest in the Illth century A.D. 

India had a deeply inventive culture. 

Her building was intricate and mesmerizing, and her sculptures were lovely, sumptuous, and sensuous. 

Her temples were desecrated, pillaged, and burned during the reign of Islamic dominion, and her collected valuables were stolen by ferocious hordes. 

They slaughtered, pillaged, and demolished magnificent and valuable buildings of great architectural beauty, such as Somnath temple, which is revered to all Hindus, while announcing a "holy war" or "jihad" against unbelievers. 

This historic nation of culture, chivalry, and beauty was left broken, wounded, and suffering after such an unimaginable atrocity. Rarely in human history have there been such deadly fury, such brutal killing, and such senseless obliteration of a great and developed culture. 

Even under such terrible, horrifying, and deadly circumstances, tolerant Hindus reverted to following their Vedic forefathers' habit of seeking out that Supreme Reality. In such a situation, the majority of ancient civilizations would have crumbled under repeated fierce assaults on their lands, but not India. 

Hinduism is a deeply spiritual culture that has survived despite the perversion and brutality of the Islamic invasion. India is still the only ancient civilization remaining in existence despite waves of attacks from Islam and Christianity. 

All of the others have vanished. Invaders and her tormentors have been brutally attacked by NDIA, but she has elegantly resisted them like a beautiful and noble goddess. Her perseverance and steely will to live are astounding given her experience. 

Ancient India was not subject to ongoing persecution or religious wars. 

Then, in 1498, the devotees of that one envious God were once again on the march, this time represented by the Portuguese. 

In Goa, the Hindus were subjected to the Inquisition, which was instituted by conquerors armed with guns and the gospel truth. 

Hindu festivals and devotion were outlawed, and lavishly decorated temples were destroyed. 

The Portuguese, who held the supremacy of their religion in high regard, brutalized and tortured the Hindus in an effort to convert them to Catholicism. 

The British followed closely behind the Portuguese. Under British Rule, Hindus did not fare much better. Theological imperialism was introduced by the British. 

Because they ruled India via Indology, they were more crafty than the Portuguese. The goal, like with all imperial exploits and empires, was to portray India's indigenous culture as barbaric, impoverished, and worthless. 

In order to convert Indians to Christianity and maintain governmental authority over their colonies, the study of Hinduism was conducted. Indology has evolved into a preferred tool for the attack on India's spiritual and cultural roots. 

The effect of a cultural bomb is to annihilate a people's belief in their names, in their languages, in their environments, in their heritage of struggle, in their unity, in their capacities, and ultimately in themselves, according to Kenyan Ngugi WaThiong'o (1938), author of Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. 

The British, like the Portuguese, felt that their religion was supreme and that they were bringing civilization to the barbarians. 

By methodically stealing India's vast riches and resources while disguising their actions under the "White man's burden," they overnight transformed India into a Third World nation. 

With their Victorian morality and anti-colonial resentment, the British began researching and translating Hindu texts into English as a way to discredit and weaken Hinduism. 

There have been attempts to portray Hindu philosophy as animistic, a relic, a museum piece, a source of gross paganism, and thus, as a source of primal barbarism. 

The translation distorted Hindu philosophy, history, and culture, which has seriously harmed Hindus' sense of self-worth. The goal of studying indology was to persuade the educated Indians to reject their traditional identities and cultures in favor of supporting the British Empire. 

An entire generation of mentally colonized "brown sahibs" who were and still are alienated from their own cultural heritage resulted from this Anglo indoctrination in India, which proved to be so successful. 

The British adopted a strategy of divide and rule in order to maintain their colonial control over their "jewel in the crown," India. They are said to be the ones who first proposed the racist, out-of-date Aryan invasion thesis. 

This notion implied that the Hindu texts were not really indigenous to India and that Indians were unable to create their own religion. The European concept of its own superiority would have been crushed if it had been believed differently. 

This supported the British Raj in India. Surprisingly, there were many people in the West who were incredibly fascinated, were open-minded and sincere in their spiritual search, and many who did acknowledge the metaphysical loftiness and nobility of Hindu thought during the early 19th century, while pioneers in Indology were busy tearing down, denouncing, and discrediting anything Indian or Hindu as primitive theology. 

Some people were mesmerized by her famed and enormous epics, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Jules Michelet, who was becoming quite lyrical, described the Ramayana as "a divine poem, an ocean of milk." German poet Henrich Heine once referred to the spiritual treasures of India in a statement "The treasures of India have been transported home by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English in their large ships for a very long time. 

Germany would follow suit, but hers would be troves of esoteric wisdom." The profound thought of India was discovered by Europe in the 19th century to their astonishment. 

The Upanishads (Oupnekhat) were translated by Anquetil-Duperron from a Persian version written by Dar a Shikoh, the son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan. 

A cultural practice that dates back to the furthest antiquity and has since been lost in the mist of time intrigued Europeans. Immanuel Kant's idealism has numerous similarities with the Upanishads, as Duperron has noted. 

The greatest thinkers in the West, including Voltaire, Michelet, Thoreau, and Emerson, have all sipped from the nectar of Hindu philosophy. As soon as they experienced it, their love for Indian philosophy persisted. 

Some were drawn to the Hindus' "wonderful power of abstraction," while others were frequently drawn to Vedanta's sublime teachings and supreme glory. Many expressed their admiration for the illuminating literary gems of Hinduism, such as the Bhagavad Gita, the Vedas, and the Upanishads, quite vociferously. 

The spiritual thinking and wisdom of Ancient India, despite the wars and empire, gave the West a significant cultural boost. In particular, the depth of India's influence on the Western imagination and on English Romantic poetry in particular, offered a major cultural stimulation. 

By emulating and adopting some of these concepts and theories into their own work, academics, poets, artists, philosophers, and scientists have all given the greatest tribute to India's magnificent philosophical, religious, creative, linguistic, and cultural creativity. 

For his poem Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman, for instance, drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita. 

When writing the What the Thunder Said section of the Waste Land, T. S. Eliot drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishad. The Bhagavad Gita, described by Count Maurice Maeterlinck as "a glorious bloom of Hindu spirituality," was written. 

In 1797, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe showed his respect for Kalidasa by basing the prologue of his play Faust on that of Sakuntala. Even Victor Hugo, the renowned French author and creator of Les Misérables, expressed awe and respect for the vastness of the universe as it was described in the Indian epics. 

He turned the Kena Upanishad story into verse in his poem Suprematie.a Legend o/the Ages. 

The Bhagavad Gita is a gem among world scriptures because of its majestic beauty. 

The Gita was deemed by Wilhelm von Humboldt to be "the most beautiful, and maybe the only pure intellectual song, existent in any known dialect." The world has to offer is "the deepest and loftiest thing," too. 

Even the renowned composer Ludwig van Beethoven was impacted by this unrestrained passion with India. His musical writings include snippets from the Gita and the Upanishads. In contrast to the West, science and religion are not mutually exclusive in India. 

Science is seen as a component of the same quest for truth that Vedic rishis imagined in order to comprehend the cosmos and the outside world. With ideas that are both mystical and alluringly scientific, ancient Vedic spiritual beliefs have influenced contemporary science. 

For instance, Anand a Coomaraswamy's description of The Dance of Shiva (Nataraja) is as follows: "is the most accurate depiction of God's cosmic activity that any form of art or religion can claim. 

The idea itself is a synthesis of art, science, and religion." Numerous scientists, including J. Robert Oppenheimer, Frijof Capra, Schrodinger, Carl Jung, and others, have often consulted the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita in search of new insights. 

Ancient Hindu sages had developed a universe theory of enormous proportions that was startlingly modern in scope. Their amazing estimate of the age of the cosmos agrees exactly with modern science. 

Huston Smith has noted on the astounding Hindu view of the age of the Earth: "India was already picturing ages and eons and galaxies as numerous as the sands of the Ganges while the West was probably still thinking of a world that was just 6,000 years old. 

Modern astronomy can effortlessly fit into the folds of the Universe due to its size." Such uncompromising, radical, and bold theories had no effect on the foundation of India's ancient Vedic society. 

From the early Vedic period to the present, India has never practiced book burning, executed heretics, imprisoned scientists in dungeons, or housed dissidents in insane asylums. 

Numerous adherents of Hinduism, from tired old men to lonely old women, have found solace in the religion's lofty philosophy. The great German philosopher Schopenhauer exclaimed, "It has been the solace of my life, and it will be the solace of my death," after reading the Upanishads. 

Many concepts and theories that have only recently started to be investigated in the West were anticipated by Indian sages. India and her ideas introduced the West to a philosophy of before unseen intricacy and innovation. 

Hinduism has always been known for its unending tolerance. The priceless proclamation "eko sat vipra bahudi vedanti" found in Hindu scripture (one truth, but discerned differently by the wise). 

This exquisite tolerance is evidence of a sophisticated, old society. Hinduism is notable for its positive beliefs and the fact that those who do not practice it are not regarded as heretics or infidels, making it a religion for rational thought. 

All roads lead to the peak, India's serene boldness of intuition has boldly declared (God). The only major global religion to openly and definitely declare that "Tmth is One, the Wise call it by diverse names" is Hinduism. 

When Europeans first encountered India during the early years of British colonialism, they saw Hinduism through the prism of their own religion and culture and came to an unfavorable and frequently hostile conclusion. 

The British made a valiant effort to depict Hinduism negatively as superstitious, primitive, and idolatrous in order to maintain their authority. Defaming Hinduism became a goal of the imperial mission to maintain their power. 

Some evangelical Europeans desired to mold India after their own Christian ideal. They then went on to translate Hindu scriptures in order to aid Hindu conversion to Christianity. 

With the exception of individuals like Sir John Woodroffe, Annie Besant, and Sister Nivedita, the British invaded and conquered India, plundering her earthly richness but failing to understand India's great spiritual treasure. 

Ancient India continues to be the world leader in matters of the spirit and the soul despite trauma and tribulations, conquest and colonization, invasion and fanatical zeal. Hinduism is now a vibrant phenomenon and a widely practiced religion. 

In search of their spiritual home, China, Japan, Tibet, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, and Sri Lanka have all looked to India. 

It is unquestionably necessary to examine Hinduism in the age of globalization with clean, unblemished eyes, from a fresh angle, and possibly through the lenses of what some Western and Eastern intellectuals, philosophers, writers, and scientists have observed and documented. 

It is time to let go of our past biases, prejudices, and chauvinistic attitudes in order to learn about other people's cultures and religions, including the ancient spiritual splendor of India. 

The history and culture of India need to be read again. 

Beyond the present glaring clichés of "cow, curry, and caste," beyond "heathen gods," "sati," and "idol worship," it is essential and crucial for Hindus and Non-Hindus to understand what insightful minds have to say about Hindu texts and her noble philosophy. 

We need to find out what exactly about Hindu philosophy appealed to these intellectuals from around the world. 

Why did Western free thinkers delve so deeply into India's spiritual heritage while others robbed her of her material wealth? 

Why are the similarities between Hindu chronology and time scales developed by ancient Indian sages so intriguing to Western scientists? 

Why did Bhagvad Gita's spiritual teachings and lofty magnificence cause Western philosophers and poets to become so moved and spellbound? 

How did the most profound metaphysics ever known to mankind affect a great number of academics and thinkers around the world? 

Most importantly, why is Hinduism still perpetuated as an illogical, backward, absurd, and unreasonable religion despite their fascination, reverence, admiration, and appreciation for it? 

It seems somewhat weird in today's society of plurality and religious variety. 

This essay's goal is to give readers a new perspective on Hinduism by using the insights of luminaries who lived in various eras and climates up until the present. 

The goal is to eliminate the bias and prejudice against Hinduism that has existed for many years. Additionally, it aims to dispel myths and misunderstandings about Indian customs and instill pride in the country's rich cultural legacy. 

The wise men who have come before us have expressed reverence, respect, and appreciation for Hinduism in their quotes. In a manner, this is also a testament to their liberalism, their open minds, and their sincere efforts to reconcile our chaotic environment with our shared spiritual destiny. 

This reminds us of a wide range of quotations and thoughts from eminent thinkers, scientists, writers, philosophers, intellectuals, and professionals from all walks of life, both in the West and the East. 

Many of them have been influenced by the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, and the Upanishads. 

Thus, they were naturally drawn to the vast, imaginative, and speculative genius of the Hindus. 

Hinduism, a religion with a worldwide outlook, provides lessons in tolerance, open-mindedness, and freedom at our time of spiritual crisis, theological imperialism, senseless terrorism and violence, exclusivism and intolerance, religious superiority, and superficial spirituality. 

It extends a respectful hand to other religious traditions and recognizes the validity of all paths. 

A grand visual environment for its followers has been produced as a result of its profound imagination, which has given the world a rich variety of deities (gods and goddesses). 

Hinduism offers the much-needed spiritual democracy that allows us to worship whichever god we see fit. Due to its old civilization and developed culture, Hinduism is a global religion with a wide base that can respectfully welcome all other religions. 

Even if the great Mayan and Aztec civilizations, the pyramids of ancient Egypt, Classical Greece and Rome, and the desert wind-eroded Egyptian monuments are all long gone, an unbroken line of Indians are still reciting the Vedas today. 

In the wise words of J Donald Walters, Hinduism may be regarded as "the most spiritually grounded civilization in the world." Hinduism offers hope to a conflict-ridden, benighted, and trouble-weary world with its profound scriptural words: "In an age of commingling of nations and global economies, in an age of jihad and inane and aggressive evangelism, in an age of militant and uncompromising intolerance, and in a world increasingly subsumed by religious fanaticism" "streams that come from hills on all sides flow into the bosom of the great sea. 

Their names as different as their sources, And thus in every place do mankind kneel down To one mighty God, though known by many names".


~Kiran Atma