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A Rediscovery And Rebirth Of India






Om Asato maa sadgamaya, tamaso maajyotirgamamaya, 

Om mrityor-maa amrutam gamamaya. 

Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih |||. 


Lord, guide me from the imaginary to the actual. 

Bring me to the light, please. 

Bring me to immortality from the grave. 

May there be absolute, unbroken peace. 


~ An incantation in Sanskrit taken from Brihadaranyaka Upanishads 1.3.28. 



In every realm Gatekeepers inadvertently act as barriers that create separation. Gatekeepers invariably become the enemies of existence awaiting eternity's Destruction. 

Rulers, Governments, Organizations, Financial Entities, and the chaos and cacophony that define them, now are the gatekeepers of the quality of Your Life on Earth. 

This speck of a planet we advanced primates call home is overrun by gatekeepers.

Gatekeepers remind me of Jaya and Vijaya, of Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, of Ravana and Kumbhakarna. Memories are all that's left(of them).


Jaya, one of the gatekeepers of the deity Vishnu's celestial home Vaikuntha, is cursed, along with his brother Vijaya, to be born three times as a demon (asura) and destroyed by Vishnu each time.

When they prevent Sanaka from seeing Vishnu, he bestows this curse on them.

The two are born as Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, who are slaughtered by the Boar avatar and the Man-Lion avatar, respectively, in their first incarnation.

Ravana and Kumbhakarna are their second incarnations, and both are destroyed by Vishnu's Rama avatar.

They reincarnate as Shisupala and Dantavaktra in their last incarnation and are murdered by Vishnu's Krishna avatar.

They return to their responsibilities as Vishnu's Guardians and Gatekeepers after the curse's criteria have been met.



Since the beginning of time, people have been to India from all over the globe. 

They have arrived as nations such as the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Portuguese, French, Dutch, and British, as well as as ethnic groups and individuals such as Hiuen Tsang, Mark Twain, Annie Besant, Romain Rolland, and Walther Eidlitz. 

They all had one thing in common: they all came looking for money and commerce, some looking for safety from persecution, some looking for spiritual enlightenment. 

Their lives were irrevocably altered by India. In the West, the name "India" conjures up images of snake charmers, pagan gods, cows, castes, and Gandhi. In the East, it conjures up images of Buddha, curries, and elephants. 

Why is it the case? What influences the unfavorable and often biased opinions of India? Who was behind these outrageous fabrications, and why? It's crucial to travel through time to learn about an old place, its people, their beliefs, the religion, and the interactions of its residents with the rest of the world that have influenced outsiders' impressions in order to comprehend these things. 

India has unique physical, cultural, and magnificent natural limits, with a geographical mass the size of Europe minus Russia. 

Strategically situated between China and the rest of the Western world, it is home to 1/6 of mankind. 

Three major rivers—the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra—water the area whose limits extend from the Himalayas, known as the "abode of snow" for its massive mountain range. India is a triangle-shaped country that stretches from the high Himalayas to the pleasantly warm Indian Ocean. 

These geographic divisions have promoted amazing cultural variety and unity. The Hindu religion, which is followed by 850 million people, as well as its offshoots such as Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, were both developed in India, the most varied country in the world. 

Additionally, it has one of the world's fastest expanding economies right now. 

For thousands of years, connections between civilizations and countries have been centered on religion, commerce, and conquest. 

The same is true of India. Men from many different countries have been inspired by the grandeur and prosperity of classical India. Indian concepts of the soul and its reincarnation were ingrained in Pythagoras and his contemporaries. 

On his return trip from the Mongol court of China, Marco Polo, who had previously been to India, proclaimed it to be "the finest and wealthiest nation in the world." Alexander of Macedonia, a Greek, was the first to set foot on Indian soil in 326 B.C., followed by the Huns, the Arabs, the Turks, and the Afghans in 963 A.D. 

The Arabs have always engaged with India's prosperous commercial ports and cities. 

Beginning in 1526, the Mongols—Genghis Khan's descendants—conquered and ruled over a large portion of India. 

Beginning with the Portuguese in 1498, the Europeans were the last to arrive in India. 

Along with the Dutch (1639), the British (1609), the Danes (1616), the French (1664), and the Danes traveled to India's coasts in search of her fabled riches and resources. The British first arrived as merchants but lingered for over 200 years to control and plunder. 

India was reportedly visited by the first Greek, Scylax of Caryanda, in 510 BC. Since that time, Europe is aware of several reports and facts about India. Greece received several translations and writings of Indian philosophy. 

For instance, both civilizations had a reverence for the gods of heaven Varuna or Ouranos and morning Ushas or Aurora. After the rise of Islamic dominance in the seventh century, this tight communication between India and Europe came to an end. 

Numerous Sanskrit literature, notably The Mahabharat and The Bhagavad-Gita, were translated into Arabic during the subsequent Islamic assaults. According to legend, the fourth Caliph said that India is the country where books were first written and where wisdom and knowledge originated. 

The Upanishads were translated from Sanskrit into Persian by Dara Shikoh under the title Sirr-ul-Akbar during the Mongol era, when Islamic culture was being imposed, and it was in this form that European academics first encountered them. 

Sanskrit translations of Hindu texts into English were undertaken by the British, first by Charles Wilkins with his translation of "The Bhagavad Gita," then by Sir William Jones and several other translators. 

The majority of the Western world's present knowledge of Hinduism is based on translations of Hindu texts made in the second half of the eighteenth century in English, German, and French. Numerous Europeans were concerned about losing their sense of cultural identity as a result of the discovery of Sanskrit and the influence of Indian thinking on the intellectual life of Europe. 

Such foreigners are the ones who offer the names Hindu and India. 

The word "Hindu" as we use it now has Persian roots. Indians were known to the Persians as residents of the region around the Sindhu (Indus) River. Hindu was given the name by the Persians who softened the S to an H. The term Indus was transformed to Indoi by the Ionian Greeks, who learned about India from the Persians, and the country of Indus became known as India. 

India's ancient past is very vast and all-encompassing and is buried in the prehistoric obscurity of time. 

Her history is amazing in terms of its breadth, splendor, and trials. Its religion, Hinduism, also known as Sartatan Dharma, has a long and distant history that spans many yugas of time. 

A time frame so incredible that it has never been equaled by a European notion. The only revelation whose principles are entirely consistent with contemporary science is the slow and gradual construction of the cosmos. We are now living in the Kaliyuga, also known as the era of Kali, as per Vedic traditions. 

The fourth and last yuga (age) in the cosmic calendar, after Satya, Treta, Dwaparyuga, and Kali, is known as Kali yuga. According to legend, the Kaliyuga lasted for 432,000 years, the Dvaparayuga for 864,000, the Tretayuga for 1,296,000, and the Satyayuga for 17,280,000. 

The world's oldest civilization, Hinduism, has an astonishing level of continuity. Her historical records date back to the year 5000. Even now, the intricately carved temples of her mature and stable civilisation show a beauty of times past. 

Time was fittingly deified as Mahakala, Great Time, in her rich and ancient history. Hinduism firmly believes in either emptiness or infinity. The Vedic sages of India had no qualms about the vacuum or the limitless. 

Given this notion, it is only fitting that the concept of the mathematical "zero" or "sunya" was invented by the Hindus. Hinduism, also known as Sanatan Dharma, is more of a way of life than a religion. 

It is not a structured religion, has no founder or notable historical figure, lacks a centralized authority, and is hence surprisingly non-dogmatic. 

It has always placed a greater emphasis on behavior and experience than it has on doctrine, and on intuition rather than reason. It is a religion based on several texts rather than just one. It is a revelation-based religion. 

Since the word "Sanatan" means "eternal," its roots are independent of human history and experience, and its truths have been revealed by the hand of God. 

Hinduism has more old and extensive texts than any other existing religion. Since they were initially told orally and developed over thousands of years, it is challenging to date these texts. 

Hindu texts fall into two categories: Smriti, which is memorized, and Shruti, which is heard. The Upanishads and Vedas are regarded as Shruti. 

The Dharma Shastras, Nibhandas, Puranas, the Mahabharata (The Bhagavad Gita), the Ramayana, Agamas or Tantras, Darshanas, and Vedangas are among the texts that Smriti mentions (Upa Vedas). 

The Vedas (Book of Knowledge), one of the world's oldest written holy writings, are considered to be India's greatest heritage. They are an extraordinary and remarkable collection of poetry, philosophy, and hymns. 

Since they were discovered via the Vedic rishis' intuitive vision, they are regarded as having divine origins. The four Vedas are the Atharva, Yajur, Sarna, and Rig. With its comprehensive inquiries into the origin and nature of the cosmos, the "Hymn of Creation" in the Rig Veda offers the most sophisticated theory of creation. 

The song continues by stating that neither death nor immortality, neither day nor night, existed in the beginning. There was nothing but vacuum and formlessness. Then desire, the spiritual embryo and seed, emerged. 

But from whence did it really come into being, and who is able to establish its origin? The creation of the gods is later than that of our planet. 

So, from whence did it originate in the first place? The Upanishads are the last section of the Vedas, and they include mystical and intellectual explorations in search of the divine within. 

As they investigate the unity of man and God, they represent the climax of Vedic teachings and one of humanity's most profound inquiries. 

The adage "tat twam asi," "Thou are that," refers to the atman, or "breath of the Absolute," which is present in all living things and is what is really genuine and what the actual truth is. 

The Bhagavad-Gita, also known as The Song of the Lord, is a chapter of the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic. 

It is one of the most significant and well-known religious writings in India and has 18,000 stanzas. It is a conversation between Lord Krishna and Aljuna just before the start of the Great War of the Mahabharata. It is a philosophical song that perfectly explains Hindu ideology. 

The Bhagavad Gita is a very idealistic text that emphasizes absolute tolerance: "Whichever devotee desires to worship whatever heavenly form (rupa) with intense devotion, I, truly, render that faith of him steadfast." The Mahabharata has 100,000 stanzas, whilst The Ramayana's epics are divided into 24,000 stanzas. 

The Mahabharata is an insightful account of a crucial chapter in Indian history. 

New archaeological investigation has shown that the fabled city of Lord Krishna, Dwaraka, was indeed a historic location, notwithstanding disagreements about the times and locations. 

The religious practices and architecture of Indo-China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and other locations have absorbed elements of India's poetic and creative culture, especially the protagonists of the epics Krishna and Arjuna. 

Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language, is used in Hindu sculptures. The classical language of Hinduism was Sanskrit, which has the meaning "cultured" and is also the oldest and most orderly language in existence. 

Actually, its breadth and adaptability make it the perfect language for today's computer software development. Additionally, Panini's grammar of Sanskrit is the world's smallest and most comprehensive grammar. 

Hindu texts were transmitted verbally from the sages to their pupils for a very long time. Maharishi Ved Vyasa subsequently collected these and placed them in literary form in Sanskrit. Hinduism is not a set ideology; rather, it is always evolving and changing. 

It has grown into a huge, intricate tangle of customs and philosophical ideas that is constantly expanding. It is a religion that is always changing, and because of this, it has grown very diverse and rich, like an elaborate tapestry with many different colors. 

Hinduism is flexible, diversified, and open to accepting various faiths. Dharma is an all-encompassing cosmic rule that controls every aspect of the cosmos, including every single soul. It is the most fundamental law of the universe and the basis of all things. 

Our lives are governed by the rule of karma, a natural law similar to the law of gravity. Karma is influenced by personal behavior. You get back what you put in. Thus, the interaction of cause and effect is the web of Karma. 

It is the natural result of our prior deeds. Samsara, the cycle of birth, life, death, and reincarnation, is the outcome of this. The emancipation from this cycle is the aim of all Hindu philosophy. These ideas make it difficult for most Hindus to understand the Western concept of a single existence. 

Contrary to common opinion, Hinduism is a monotheistic religion because it honors the unity within diversity of the divine. There are several ways to reach God, and each one is as legitimate. There are no heretics or unbelievers in this good religion. 

The everlasting goal of India was to unite all of creation under one human identity. All life and all pathways are thus sacrosanct. In the holistic religion of Hinduism, all life—including that of humans, animals, and plants—is revered. 

Hinduism has always been an ecologically conscious religion, and like a rainforest, it has continually renewed, developed, and changed over the centuries. Hinduism may place the most emphasis on environmental ethics of any religion. 

With its notions of ahimsa, there is a special sensitivity to not just the human world but to the whole natural world (non-violence). Because of the pervasive concern for life, India (Bharat Mata) as a whole is regarded as holy. In actuality, Lord Vishnu's spouse is personified as Mother Earth. 

India, a holy nation sandwiched between the Himalayan Mountains and the Indian Ocean, has a long history of coexisting peacefully and developing into a wonderful civilization. 

The whole nation, including its seven sacred towns, like Dwaraka, its seven sacred rivers, like the Ganga and the Saraswati, and its seven sacred mountains, like the Himalayas and Arunachal, are revered as holy places of pilgrimage. 

There is little doubt that Classical India was a wealthy civilization with thriving trade relations with many regions of the globe, including Southeast Asia. Students anxious to get a top-notch education flocked to her universities, including Taxila and Nalanda. 

India has been praised for her wealth from ancient times. She had always been the center of attention, drawing both Asian and European admirers who lusted for her sparkling riches. All conquerors, including Alexander, aspired to possess India, and she was their ultimate goal. 

Indian civilization, including mathematics, medicine, and other fields, entered the West through the Arabs. As the fabled and wealthy "golden bird" of the East, India was often targeted by the West over her northern boundary. 

The defenseless, women, aged, priests, and the captured population could not be killed, and the rules of battle in Hinduism were exceedingly chivalrous and merciful. Numerous ethnic groups found refuge in tolerant, kind India, yet during religious fervor, many Hindus were massacred, slain, and sold into slavery. 

Before the beginning of the Muslim invasion and the beginning of European empire, religious intolerance was scarcely ever seen in ancient India. 

India was one of the most developed civilizations ever on the eve of the Muslim conquest in the Illth century A.D. 

India had a deeply inventive culture. 

Her building was intricate and mesmerizing, and her sculptures were lovely, sumptuous, and sensuous. 

Her temples were desecrated, pillaged, and burned during the reign of Islamic dominion, and her collected valuables were stolen by ferocious hordes. 

They slaughtered, pillaged, and demolished magnificent and valuable buildings of great architectural beauty, such as Somnath temple, which is revered to all Hindus, while announcing a "holy war" or "jihad" against unbelievers. 

This historic nation of culture, chivalry, and beauty was left broken, wounded, and suffering after such an unimaginable atrocity. Rarely in human history have there been such deadly fury, such brutal killing, and such senseless obliteration of a great and developed culture. 

Even under such terrible, horrifying, and deadly circumstances, tolerant Hindus reverted to following their Vedic forefathers' habit of seeking out that Supreme Reality. In such a situation, the majority of ancient civilizations would have crumbled under repeated fierce assaults on their lands, but not India. 

Hinduism is a deeply spiritual culture that has survived despite the perversion and brutality of the Islamic invasion. India is still the only ancient civilization remaining in existence despite waves of attacks from Islam and Christianity. 

All of the others have vanished. Invaders and her tormentors have been brutally attacked by NDIA, but she has elegantly resisted them like a beautiful and noble goddess. Her perseverance and steely will to live are astounding given her experience. 

Ancient India was not subject to ongoing persecution or religious wars. 

Then, in 1498, the devotees of that one envious God were once again on the march, this time represented by the Portuguese. 

In Goa, the Hindus were subjected to the Inquisition, which was instituted by conquerors armed with guns and the gospel truth. 

Hindu festivals and devotion were outlawed, and lavishly decorated temples were destroyed. 

The Portuguese, who held the supremacy of their religion in high regard, brutalized and tortured the Hindus in an effort to convert them to Catholicism. 

The British followed closely behind the Portuguese. Under British Rule, Hindus did not fare much better. Theological imperialism was introduced by the British. 

Because they ruled India via Indology, they were more crafty than the Portuguese. The goal, like with all imperial exploits and empires, was to portray India's indigenous culture as barbaric, impoverished, and worthless. 

In order to convert Indians to Christianity and maintain governmental authority over their colonies, the study of Hinduism was conducted. Indology has evolved into a preferred tool for the attack on India's spiritual and cultural roots. 

The effect of a cultural bomb is to annihilate a people's belief in their names, in their languages, in their environments, in their heritage of struggle, in their unity, in their capacities, and ultimately in themselves, according to Kenyan Ngugi WaThiong'o (1938), author of Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. 

The British, like the Portuguese, felt that their religion was supreme and that they were bringing civilization to the barbarians. 

By methodically stealing India's vast riches and resources while disguising their actions under the "White man's burden," they overnight transformed India into a Third World nation. 

With their Victorian morality and anti-colonial resentment, the British began researching and translating Hindu texts into English as a way to discredit and weaken Hinduism. 

There have been attempts to portray Hindu philosophy as animistic, a relic, a museum piece, a source of gross paganism, and thus, as a source of primal barbarism. 

The translation distorted Hindu philosophy, history, and culture, which has seriously harmed Hindus' sense of self-worth. The goal of studying indology was to persuade the educated Indians to reject their traditional identities and cultures in favor of supporting the British Empire. 

An entire generation of mentally colonized "brown sahibs" who were and still are alienated from their own cultural heritage resulted from this Anglo indoctrination in India, which proved to be so successful. 

The British adopted a strategy of divide and rule in order to maintain their colonial control over their "jewel in the crown," India. They are said to be the ones who first proposed the racist, out-of-date Aryan invasion thesis. 

This notion implied that the Hindu texts were not really indigenous to India and that Indians were unable to create their own religion. The European concept of its own superiority would have been crushed if it had been believed differently. 

This supported the British Raj in India. Surprisingly, there were many people in the West who were incredibly fascinated, were open-minded and sincere in their spiritual search, and many who did acknowledge the metaphysical loftiness and nobility of Hindu thought during the early 19th century, while pioneers in Indology were busy tearing down, denouncing, and discrediting anything Indian or Hindu as primitive theology. 

Some people were mesmerized by her famed and enormous epics, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Jules Michelet, who was becoming quite lyrical, described the Ramayana as "a divine poem, an ocean of milk." German poet Henrich Heine once referred to the spiritual treasures of India in a statement "The treasures of India have been transported home by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English in their large ships for a very long time. 

Germany would follow suit, but hers would be troves of esoteric wisdom." The profound thought of India was discovered by Europe in the 19th century to their astonishment. 

The Upanishads (Oupnekhat) were translated by Anquetil-Duperron from a Persian version written by Dar a Shikoh, the son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan. 

A cultural practice that dates back to the furthest antiquity and has since been lost in the mist of time intrigued Europeans. Immanuel Kant's idealism has numerous similarities with the Upanishads, as Duperron has noted. 

The greatest thinkers in the West, including Voltaire, Michelet, Thoreau, and Emerson, have all sipped from the nectar of Hindu philosophy. As soon as they experienced it, their love for Indian philosophy persisted. 

Some were drawn to the Hindus' "wonderful power of abstraction," while others were frequently drawn to Vedanta's sublime teachings and supreme glory. Many expressed their admiration for the illuminating literary gems of Hinduism, such as the Bhagavad Gita, the Vedas, and the Upanishads, quite vociferously. 

The spiritual thinking and wisdom of Ancient India, despite the wars and empire, gave the West a significant cultural boost. In particular, the depth of India's influence on the Western imagination and on English Romantic poetry in particular, offered a major cultural stimulation. 

By emulating and adopting some of these concepts and theories into their own work, academics, poets, artists, philosophers, and scientists have all given the greatest tribute to India's magnificent philosophical, religious, creative, linguistic, and cultural creativity. 

For his poem Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman, for instance, drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita. 

When writing the What the Thunder Said section of the Waste Land, T. S. Eliot drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishad. The Bhagavad Gita, described by Count Maurice Maeterlinck as "a glorious bloom of Hindu spirituality," was written. 

In 1797, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe showed his respect for Kalidasa by basing the prologue of his play Faust on that of Sakuntala. Even Victor Hugo, the renowned French author and creator of Les Misérables, expressed awe and respect for the vastness of the universe as it was described in the Indian epics. 

He turned the Kena Upanishad story into verse in his poem Suprematie.a Legend o/the Ages. 

The Bhagavad Gita is a gem among world scriptures because of its majestic beauty. 

The Gita was deemed by Wilhelm von Humboldt to be "the most beautiful, and maybe the only pure intellectual song, existent in any known dialect." The world has to offer is "the deepest and loftiest thing," too. 

Even the renowned composer Ludwig van Beethoven was impacted by this unrestrained passion with India. His musical writings include snippets from the Gita and the Upanishads. In contrast to the West, science and religion are not mutually exclusive in India. 

Science is seen as a component of the same quest for truth that Vedic rishis imagined in order to comprehend the cosmos and the outside world. With ideas that are both mystical and alluringly scientific, ancient Vedic spiritual beliefs have influenced contemporary science. 

For instance, Anand a Coomaraswamy's description of The Dance of Shiva (Nataraja) is as follows: "is the most accurate depiction of God's cosmic activity that any form of art or religion can claim. 

The idea itself is a synthesis of art, science, and religion." Numerous scientists, including J. Robert Oppenheimer, Frijof Capra, Schrodinger, Carl Jung, and others, have often consulted the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita in search of new insights. 

Ancient Hindu sages had developed a universe theory of enormous proportions that was startlingly modern in scope. Their amazing estimate of the age of the cosmos agrees exactly with modern science. 

Huston Smith has noted on the astounding Hindu view of the age of the Earth: "India was already picturing ages and eons and galaxies as numerous as the sands of the Ganges while the West was probably still thinking of a world that was just 6,000 years old. 

Modern astronomy can effortlessly fit into the folds of the Universe due to its size." Such uncompromising, radical, and bold theories had no effect on the foundation of India's ancient Vedic society. 

From the early Vedic period to the present, India has never practiced book burning, executed heretics, imprisoned scientists in dungeons, or housed dissidents in insane asylums. 

Numerous adherents of Hinduism, from tired old men to lonely old women, have found solace in the religion's lofty philosophy. The great German philosopher Schopenhauer exclaimed, "It has been the solace of my life, and it will be the solace of my death," after reading the Upanishads. 

Many concepts and theories that have only recently started to be investigated in the West were anticipated by Indian sages. India and her ideas introduced the West to a philosophy of before unseen intricacy and innovation. 

Hinduism has always been known for its unending tolerance. The priceless proclamation "eko sat vipra bahudi vedanti" found in Hindu scripture (one truth, but discerned differently by the wise). 

This exquisite tolerance is evidence of a sophisticated, old society. Hinduism is notable for its positive beliefs and the fact that those who do not practice it are not regarded as heretics or infidels, making it a religion for rational thought. 

All roads lead to the peak, India's serene boldness of intuition has boldly declared (God). The only major global religion to openly and definitely declare that "Tmth is One, the Wise call it by diverse names" is Hinduism. 

When Europeans first encountered India during the early years of British colonialism, they saw Hinduism through the prism of their own religion and culture and came to an unfavorable and frequently hostile conclusion. 

The British made a valiant effort to depict Hinduism negatively as superstitious, primitive, and idolatrous in order to maintain their authority. Defaming Hinduism became a goal of the imperial mission to maintain their power. 

Some evangelical Europeans desired to mold India after their own Christian ideal. They then went on to translate Hindu scriptures in order to aid Hindu conversion to Christianity. 

With the exception of individuals like Sir John Woodroffe, Annie Besant, and Sister Nivedita, the British invaded and conquered India, plundering her earthly richness but failing to understand India's great spiritual treasure. 

Ancient India continues to be the world leader in matters of the spirit and the soul despite trauma and tribulations, conquest and colonization, invasion and fanatical zeal. Hinduism is now a vibrant phenomenon and a widely practiced religion. 

In search of their spiritual home, China, Japan, Tibet, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, and Sri Lanka have all looked to India. 

It is unquestionably necessary to examine Hinduism in the age of globalization with clean, unblemished eyes, from a fresh angle, and possibly through the lenses of what some Western and Eastern intellectuals, philosophers, writers, and scientists have observed and documented. 

It is time to let go of our past biases, prejudices, and chauvinistic attitudes in order to learn about other people's cultures and religions, including the ancient spiritual splendor of India. 

The history and culture of India need to be read again. 

Beyond the present glaring clichés of "cow, curry, and caste," beyond "heathen gods," "sati," and "idol worship," it is essential and crucial for Hindus and Non-Hindus to understand what insightful minds have to say about Hindu texts and her noble philosophy. 

We need to find out what exactly about Hindu philosophy appealed to these intellectuals from around the world. 

Why did Western free thinkers delve so deeply into India's spiritual heritage while others robbed her of her material wealth? 

Why are the similarities between Hindu chronology and time scales developed by ancient Indian sages so intriguing to Western scientists? 

Why did Bhagvad Gita's spiritual teachings and lofty magnificence cause Western philosophers and poets to become so moved and spellbound? 

How did the most profound metaphysics ever known to mankind affect a great number of academics and thinkers around the world? 

Most importantly, why is Hinduism still perpetuated as an illogical, backward, absurd, and unreasonable religion despite their fascination, reverence, admiration, and appreciation for it? 

It seems somewhat weird in today's society of plurality and religious variety. 

This essay's goal is to give readers a new perspective on Hinduism by using the insights of luminaries who lived in various eras and climates up until the present. 

The goal is to eliminate the bias and prejudice against Hinduism that has existed for many years. Additionally, it aims to dispel myths and misunderstandings about Indian customs and instill pride in the country's rich cultural legacy. 

The wise men who have come before us have expressed reverence, respect, and appreciation for Hinduism in their quotes. In a manner, this is also a testament to their liberalism, their open minds, and their sincere efforts to reconcile our chaotic environment with our shared spiritual destiny. 

This reminds us of a wide range of quotations and thoughts from eminent thinkers, scientists, writers, philosophers, intellectuals, and professionals from all walks of life, both in the West and the East. 

Many of them have been influenced by the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, and the Upanishads. 

Thus, they were naturally drawn to the vast, imaginative, and speculative genius of the Hindus. 

Hinduism, a religion with a worldwide outlook, provides lessons in tolerance, open-mindedness, and freedom at our time of spiritual crisis, theological imperialism, senseless terrorism and violence, exclusivism and intolerance, religious superiority, and superficial spirituality. 

It extends a respectful hand to other religious traditions and recognizes the validity of all paths. 

A grand visual environment for its followers has been produced as a result of its profound imagination, which has given the world a rich variety of deities (gods and goddesses). 

Hinduism offers the much-needed spiritual democracy that allows us to worship whichever god we see fit. Due to its old civilization and developed culture, Hinduism is a global religion with a wide base that can respectfully welcome all other religions. 

Even if the great Mayan and Aztec civilizations, the pyramids of ancient Egypt, Classical Greece and Rome, and the desert wind-eroded Egyptian monuments are all long gone, an unbroken line of Indians are still reciting the Vedas today. 

In the wise words of J Donald Walters, Hinduism may be regarded as "the most spiritually grounded civilization in the world." Hinduism offers hope to a conflict-ridden, benighted, and trouble-weary world with its profound scriptural words: "In an age of commingling of nations and global economies, in an age of jihad and inane and aggressive evangelism, in an age of militant and uncompromising intolerance, and in a world increasingly subsumed by religious fanaticism" "streams that come from hills on all sides flow into the bosom of the great sea. 

Their names as different as their sources, And thus in every place do mankind kneel down To one mighty God, though known by many names".


~Kiran Atma



Hinduism - What Is A Vimana?

 

(“vehicle”) A term having distinct particular meanings in different situations, a com mon trait in the Sanskrit language.

It may refer to a god's vehicles, either mythically, since each deity has an animal considered to be his or her vehicle, or in a literal sense, such as the cart used to transport them in procession, or to the human person who "carries" them via the process of being possessed.




The term vimana is used in architecture to refer to the section of the temple that "carries" the god, i.e. the sanctuary as a whole.



~Kiran Atma


Discover more about Hindu Art, Architecture, and Iconography here.

You may also want to read more about Hinduism here.

Be sure to check out my writings on religion here.




Hinduism - What Is The Veshara Style Of Hindu Temple Architecture?


The Veshara, is a Hindu Temple Architecture style which is largely found in western India and the Deccan, is the smallest and most widely distributed among the three historic styles.

The Nagara and the Dravida are the other two established styles in medieval Hindu temple construction.


Whereas the Nagara style was defined by vertical uplift achieved by temple towers (shikharas), and the Dravida style by lower temples covering vast swaths of land, the Veshara style's most distinguishing feature is a barrel roof above the sanctuary, which has its origins in the Buddhists' rock-cut caves (chaityas).

This roof lies in the middle of the Nagara towers and the Dravida horizontal tiers, much as the Deccan was in the middle of the two.


~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - What Is A Urushringa?

 


Architectural feature of Khajuraho's temple architecture, one of the principal types of the Nagara style in northern India.

The shikhara, or tower, is the most prominent component of the Nagara style.

The eye is drawn up to the highest point, which is immediately above the picture of the temple's major god, by smaller, subsidiary towers around the main shikhara.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - Who Was Tirumalai Nayak?

 

Tirumalai Nayak (r. 1623–1659) was a Tamil king who reigned from 1623 to 1659.

The greatest monarch of the Nayak dynasty in southern India, who used the fall of the Vijayanagar empire to dominate most of contemporary Tamil Nadu from Madurai, the capital city.

During Tirumalai's reign, the peace and prosperity were symbolized by two great works of monumental architecture: his royal palace and the massive Minakshi temple, which was named after the goddess who was considered Madurai's patron deity.

Surprisingly, the temple was the city's true ceremonial center, as shown by its location and the processional avenues that surround it.

Tirumalisai (Tirumalisai) is a Tamil word that means "Tirumalisa (9th c.) One of the Alvars, a group of twelve poet-saints who flourished during the seventh and tenth centuries in southern India.

The Alvars were all worshippers of Vishnu, and their emphasis on ardent devotion (bhakti) to a personal deity, expressed via hymns sung in Tamil, revolutionized and reinvigorated Hindu religious life.

Tirumalisai was the son of a sage and a heavenly nymph (apsara) who was abandoned by his parents at birth, according to legend.

He was discovered and nurtured by a low-status guy who referred to his foster kid by the name of their community.

More details may be found in Kamil Zvelebil's Tamil Literature, published in 1975.

~Kiran Atma


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Shrinathji

 

 

The presiding deity of the Shrinathji temple in Nathdwara, Rajasthan, and the name of a specific picture of the god Krishna.

The sculpture was initially buried on top of Mount Govardhan, a prominent peak in the Braj area linked with Krishna's humiliation of the storm-god Indra, according to legend.

The location of the picture was given to Vallabhacharya, the founder of the Pushti Marg religious group, in a dream.

On Mount Govardhan, Vallabhacharya erected a temple to hold the picture, and his family have been Shrinathji's hereditary slaves ever since.

Fearing that the picture might be destroyed by the Moghul ruler Aurangzeb, the portrait was transported to Rajasthan in 1669.

Shrinathji is said to have shown his desire to remain in Nathdwara by digging his wagon's wheels deep into the ground, preventing it from moving any farther.

In 1672, a new temple was built and consecrated, and the picture has stayed there ever since.

Whether or whether one believes in the divine mandate, much of the account seems to be plausible.

Given Braj's closeness to Agra, the Moghul capital, custodians of famous pictures may have been anxious about their safety, and because the Moghuls' Hindu vassals ruled the nearby state of Rajasthan, this would have been a natural location to move.

Even now, Nathdwara is located in a distant and sparsely populated district of Rajasthan, indicating that it was once a safe haven.

The Pushti Marg, a religious group dedicated to the deity Krishna, plays a significant role in the administration of the Nathdwara temple.

Rajendra Jindel, Culture Of A Sacred Town, 1976, is a good source of knowledge.

~Kiran Atma


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Shilpa Shastra

 

Shilpa Shastra is a Hindu scripture. A general term for the sixty-four norms and standards that regulate the mechanical arts and handicrafts via which anything is produced, manufactured, or fashioned.

The phrase shilpa shastra is most generally connected with two particular areas in the con literature of art and architecture, both of which had their rules rigorously defined by the medieval times.

One of them controlled the fabrication of sculptural images, requiring that the deities' images, as well as their distinguishing attributes, be carved to specific proportions.

The other topic was buildings, whether they were single structures like temples or groups of buildings in city design.

Temple layouts were fashioned after the human form (and so matched the sculptor's perfection in creating holy pictures); whole cities were similarly planned to create a harmonious urban setting.

Shipra River is a tributary of the Yamuna River, with its origins in Madhya Pradesh's Vindhya Mountains.

Because it runs through Ujjain, a central Indian city of tremendous religious and historical value, the Shipra is considered a sacred river.

Shirdi is a small town in Mahara shtra state, around 120 miles northeast of Bombay.

It is most known as the abode of Shirdi Sai Baba, a contemporary saint who first appeared there as a teenage boy in 1872 and remained there until his death in 1918.

He was revered by people of all faiths, and the shrine erected in his honor in the town where he resided still sees a lot of visitors today.

~Kiran Atma


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Shikhara

 

 


The Nagara architectural style, which was popular in northern and eastern India, included a temple tower as its major feature.

Although there were many lesser, subsidiary towers to draw the eye up to that principal one, the temple's highest tower was always squarely above the image of the temple's primary god.

There are two major variants within this overall design, as seen in the temples of Khajuraho and Orissa.

A collection of shikharas is combined into a single continuous upward swell in the Khajuraho style, which leads the eye upward like a sequence of hills ascending to a distant summit.

The Orissan style, on the other hand, emphasizes the disparities between the temple's components, with a low entry hall (jagamohan) adjacent to a beehive-shaped temple tower (deul) that is frequently three or four times higher than the entrance hall.

~Kiran Atma


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Sankat Mochan

 


Sankat Mochan ("relieving distress") - The name of a specific version of the monkey deity Hanuman, whose primary temple is located in Benares' southern district.

Since the 1970s, Sankat Mochan has become a more popular version of Hanuman.

Sankat Mochan, like other Hanuman forms, is regarded as a powerful protector god capable of rescuing his worshippers (bhakta) from all types of affliction and tragedy.

~Kiran Atma


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Rajrajeshvar Temple

 


Rajrajeshvar Temple is a massive temple dedicated to the deity Shiva in his avatar as "Lord of Kings" in Tanjore, Tamil Nadu.

Tanjore was the Chola dynasty's capital, and this temple, erected about 1000 C.E. by Chola monarch Raja Raja, exudes the confidence of a rising kingdom.

The temple is an extension of the most basic kind of Hindu temple, with a garbhagrha covered by a spire, yet it is magnificent in its magnitude.

The tower above the central shrine is 190 feet tall and seems considerably taller because to the lack of distracting objects that would obstruct the eye's upward path.

It is topped with a single chunk of stone weighing an estimated eighty tons, which was installed by a four-mile-long ramp.

~Kiran Atma


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Parashurameshvar Temple

 


Parashurameshvar Temple is a Hindu temple in the city of Bhubaneshvar in the state of Orissa, India. 

Temple dedicated to the deity Shiva in his aspect as the "Lord of Parashuram" built about 750 C.E.

This title alludes to Parashuram's extended time of asceticism, during which he worshiped Shiva as his preferred god and received Shiva's blessings.

The temple is an early example of the Orissan version of the Nagara temple architecture from northern India.

The Nagara style stresses verticality, with the whole temple construction culminating in a single high point, and the Orissan form of this design has a single massive tower (deul) above the image of the temple's major deity, with smaller subsidiary buildings rising up to it.

The Parashurameshvar temple is the earliest example of this fundamental layout, which has a low, flat assembly hall (jagamohan) followed by a considerably higher and narrower tower (deul), which is around forty feet high in this instance.

Although later Orissan temples are substantially larger—some deuls stand over 200 feet tall—and typically feature additional structures and buildings, they all follow the same fundamental form.


~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - What Is The Natamandira Architecture Style?

 


Natamandira is a significant form of the northern Indian Nagara style in Orissa temple construction.

Between the bhogamandapa ("food pavilion") and the jagamohan, or entry hall leading to the main image, lies the natamandira, a part of the temple.

Natamandira means "dance-house" in Sanskrit.

The natamandira was utilized for performance in numerous Orissan temples, particularly for the Orissi dance style that was developed and perpetuated in these temples.

The performances were partially for the audience's aesthetic enjoyment, but more as a sort of entertainment for the god himself.

Dances are still done as part of worship in nata mandiras, although they are mostly presented for entertainment.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - What Is The Nagara Style Of Hindu Architecture?

 

Along with the Dravida and the Veshara, this is one of the three established styles in medieval Hindu temple building.

Nagara architecture may be found all throughout northern and eastern India.

A shikhara, or tower, is one of its most conspicuous characteristics.

Smaller towers frequently encircle the shikhara, leading the eye up to the tallest point, which is right above the temple's major deity's picture.

There are two variations within this broad design, as seen in the temples of Khajuraho and Orissa.

The sequence of shikha ras at Khajuraho are linked, providing a continuous rising swell that lures the eye higher, much like a succession of hills ascending to a distant summit.

The placement of turrets (urushringas) on the sides of the towers, which imitate the form of the ultimate peak, emphasizes this verticality.

The entire temple stands on an elevated platform (adhishthana).

There are generally multiple zones inside the temple: an ardhamandapa (entry porch), a hall (man dapa), an intermediate region (antarala), and a central shrine (garbhagrha) surrounded by a processional route (pradakshina).

Despite their disparate components, temples of the Khajuraho style give the appearance of being part of a coherent whole.

The contrast between the temple's constituent elements is emphasized in the Orissan style.

The entry hall (jagamohan) and the beehive-shaped temple tower are the two main components (deul).

The tower is often three or four times the height of the entry hall, heightening the contrast between the two.

A dance-hall (natamandira), historically used for performances, and a "food pavilion" (bhogamandapa), where the prasad was prepared, are among the other parts.

As if separable sections lined up with one another, these architectural features are linked like pearls on a thread.

The Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneshvar, the Jagannath Temple in Puri, and the Sun Temple in Konarak are the most notable temples of the Orissan style.


~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - How Were Murals Used In Ancient India?

 


 Mural painting is mentioned often in Sanskrit literature.

These were typical kinds of decoration in both temples and the dwellings of the rich in early medieval periods.

The heat and humidity of the Indian environment have taken their toll on such art, and just a few examples exist today.

The most renowned paintings are found at Buddhist monuments such as Ajanta and Sigiriya in central India and Sri Lanka, respectively.

Themes from daily life are depicted in these paintings.

In the caverns of Ellora, there are also remains of art.

Paintings from the Chola dynasty were recently discovered and are being repaired at Tanjore's Rajrajeshvar temple.

Chola dynasty is another name for the Chola dynasty.


~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - What Is A Mukhalinga?


Mukhalinga is a variant of the linga, a pillar-shaped item that represents Shiva.

On the shaft of a mukhalinga, one or more faces (mukha) are carved.

The number of faces on the linga should not exceed the number of doorways in the temple, according to texts detailing the shape and construction of Hindu statues.

Thus, a temple with one entryway should have one mukhalinga, and so on, up to four mukhalingas.

These faces should likewise face the entrances, according to the guidelines.

T. A. Gopinatha Rao's Elements of Hindu Iconography, published in 1981, is a good source of knowledge.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - Where Is Martand In India?

 

Martand is a village in Jammu and Kashmir, some forty miles southeast of the state capital, Shrinagar.

Martand is a historic architectural monument primarily known for its temple to the sun deity, which was constructed in the ninth century.

The temple remains are located in an alpine meadow with breathtaking views of the surrounding peaks.

~Kiran Atma


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Hinduism - What Is A Mandir?


 (“home/temple”) The most frequent word for a temple in northern India where a deity's image has been erected and consecrated for worship.

Although such temples often contain facilities for congregational prayer, social life, or cultural events, the main purpose of the structure is to house the deities who are regarded the temple's true proprietors.

~Kiran Atma


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