Showing posts sorted by relevance for query hindu legend. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query hindu legend. Sort by date Show all posts

Hinduism - What Is The Babri Masjid?







The Babri Masjid (also known as "Babar's Mosque") was a mosque in Ayodhya , India. 


Mir Baqi, a commander of the Moghul emperor Babar (1483–1530), had the mosque erected on the outskirts of Ayodhya in 1528. 

  • The location has historically been a source of contention between Hindu and Muslim populations, with confrontations reported in 1855 and 1934, according to British records. 


Local legend claims that the mosque was erected over the Hindu god Rama's birthplace, and that it was only built after the Hindu temple there was demolished, but there is little factual evidence for this assertion. 


  • Several local Hindus secretly erected pictures of the infant Rama, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshmana a few months after India won independence in 1947, spreading the story that the figures had magically emerged in a ball of light. 
  • The government had only just put a stop to the Hindu-Muslim killings that followed the partition of British India into India and Pakistan, and it didn't want to rekindle religious fervor. 
  • Its response was to barricade the compound's gates and refer the matter to the courts, where it sat for almost four decades. 


The site was once again the subject of debate in the early 1980s, when the Hindu religious group Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) called for its "freedom" and said that the current building was an insult to all Hindus. 




  • The mosque was presented as a symbol of Muslim iconoclasm in this ad. 
  • Furthermore, it portrayed the government's attempts to preserve the mosque as a ploy to placate the Muslim population in order to keep their votes. 
  • The VHP's campaign to free the monument was helped in 1986 by the national government, led by Rajiv Gandhi, who opened the compound's gates so that Hindus may pray on the site in a clear bid to gain Hindu support. 
  • As the decade passed, the demand became stronger, culminating in a series of efforts to commence construction on the site of a Hindu temple. 
  • Many of these efforts coincided with national elections, and the resulting passion aided the Bharatiya Janata Party, a political party with strong connections to the VHP, in winning elections. 

The mosque was eventually destroyed on December 6, 1992. 




  • The whole operation was well organized; the demolition crews were well-trained, and the first thing they did was destroy all of the television cameras on the premises to prevent any outside media coverage. 
  • It was done with the approval of the state administration, who made little effort to preserve the structure. 
  • The destruction was followed by riots, especially in Maharashtra, which resulted in the deaths of nearly three thousand persons, the majority of them were Muslims. 
  • The site of the Babri Masjid remained a source of controversy even after it was demolished. 

Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao pledged to reconstruct the mosque on the same site immediately after it was demolished, but he failed to do so during his term in power. 


Various Hindu organizations, including traditional religious authorities such as the Shankaracharyas, have called for the Ram Janam Bhumi temple to be built on the site. 


  • The administration, expecting nothing but difficulty, had referred the case back to the courts for settlement. 
  • The judicial process has as of now culminated in a verdict and settlement allowing the reconstruction of a Hindu Ram temple, and a relocation was negotiated for a Mosque for Muslims to also pray and worship as well. 


Sarvepalli Gopal's Anatomy of a Confrontation was published in 1991, and Christophe Jaffrelot's The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India was published in 1996.


~Kiran Atma


Discover more about Hindu Art, Architecture, and Iconography here.

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Hinduism - Who Are The Kutichaka?

    Hindu Ascetic - Kutichaka Hindu Ascetism

    What Does Kutichaka Mean?


    Kutichaka derived from the Sanskrit words 'Kuti'- House,  and Itcha-Wish translates to as “one who appreciates the opportunity to remain at the house”. 


    What Are The Other Major Groups Of Hindu Ascetics?


    The Kutichaka is one among the four major  categories Hindu Ascetics.

    The Kutichaka is the least revered of the four, with the others being Bahudaka, Hamsa, and Paramahamsa (in order of increasing reverence).


    What Characteristics Uniquely Identify A Kutichaka Hindu Ascetic?


    The Kutichaka is an ascetic who lives in a dwelling (kuti) built by himself or his sons and begs his sons and relatives for sustenance.

    Kutichaka Sadhus is also the name used to refer to sadhus that constantly reside in a hut. 

    Their principal responsibility is to educate their pupils. As a result, they must always reside in the Kuti or hut.


    In Hindu Ascetism, How Does One Progress Higher From Kutichaka? 


    Sharp and sharper non-attachment are the two types of renunciation that Hindu Ascetics work towards. 

    The former results in the renunciation necessary for the condition of the kutichaka, which when matured evolves the sannyasin into the condition of the pramahamsa, which is the true path to direct self-realization.


    NOTE: The foundation for these four types of Hindu Ascetics and their Hindu Ascetism was their livelihood, which was much less significant for ascetic identity than sectarianism or organizational affiliation in practice.


    Origin And Antiquity Of Kutichaka Hindu Ascetism.


    The Bhagavata Purana (V, 3-6) provides some information on Risabha, including his ancestry. He was Merudevi and Nabhi's son. 

    For a while, he was married, and one of his sons was the illustrious Bharata

    After a while, he appears to have developed a desire for an austere lifestyle since he is characterized as acting insanely and remaining completely nude

    The Bhagavata Purana (II, 7, 10) also claims that he underwent direct asceticism initiation as a Paramahamsa, the greatest level of asceticism. 

    In the same Purana, he is shown as a Vishnu's incarnation. 

    If the legend surrounding Risabhas Paramahamsa's initiation is true, it would prove that the ascetic Paramahamsa order has existed for a very long period. 

    If a generation only lasted twenty years, Rishbha would have been alive about 900 B.C. 

    This would imply that the Kutichaka, Bahudaka, Hamsa, and Paramahamsa, the four main ascetic groups, existed even at the period of the earliest Upanisads. 

    The names of these ascetic orders may be found in the Mahabharata, the Bhiksu, and the Narada-parivrajaka 28 as well as in the extremely late Upanisads (Anusasana, 141.89). 

    But the Paramahamsa order and several of its well-known members are eferenced in the Jabala Upanishad, which, while later than the Bhiksu, is unmistakably pre-Christian.



    References And Further Reading


    1. Ghurye, G. S. “Ascetic Origins.” Sociological Bulletin 1, no. 2 (1952): 162–84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42864485.
    2. Khatiwada, S.P., 2013. Concept of Sadhus in Nepalese Society. Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society1(2), pp.81-103.
    3. The Jivanmukti-viveka: Or, The Path to Liberation in this Life. Tookaram Tatya, FTS, 1897.
    4. Ṭhākura, Bhaktivinoda, and Bhakti Vilās Tirtha. Jaiva Dharma. Sri Gaudiya Math, 1994.
    5. Neufeldt, Ronald W., ed. Karma and rebirth: Post classical developments. State University of New York Press, 1986.


    ~ Kiran Atma


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    A Rediscovery And Rebirth Of India






    Om Asato maa sadgamaya, tamaso maajyotirgamamaya, 

    Om mrityor-maa amrutam gamamaya. 

    Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih |||. 


    Lord, guide me from the imaginary to the actual. 

    Bring me to the light, please. 

    Bring me to immortality from the grave. 

    May there be absolute, unbroken peace. 


    ~ An incantation in Sanskrit taken from Brihadaranyaka Upanishads 1.3.28. 



    In every realm Gatekeepers inadvertently act as barriers that create separation. Gatekeepers invariably become the enemies of existence awaiting eternity's Destruction. 

    Rulers, Governments, Organizations, Financial Entities, and the chaos and cacophony that define them, now are the gatekeepers of the quality of Your Life on Earth. 

    This speck of a planet we advanced primates call home is overrun by gatekeepers.

    Gatekeepers remind me of Jaya and Vijaya, of Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, of Ravana and Kumbhakarna. Memories are all that's left(of them).


    Jaya, one of the gatekeepers of the deity Vishnu's celestial home Vaikuntha, is cursed, along with his brother Vijaya, to be born three times as a demon (asura) and destroyed by Vishnu each time.

    When they prevent Sanaka from seeing Vishnu, he bestows this curse on them.

    The two are born as Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, who are slaughtered by the Boar avatar and the Man-Lion avatar, respectively, in their first incarnation.

    Ravana and Kumbhakarna are their second incarnations, and both are destroyed by Vishnu's Rama avatar.

    They reincarnate as Shisupala and Dantavaktra in their last incarnation and are murdered by Vishnu's Krishna avatar.

    They return to their responsibilities as Vishnu's Guardians and Gatekeepers after the curse's criteria have been met.



    Since the beginning of time, people have been to India from all over the globe. 

    They have arrived as nations such as the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Portuguese, French, Dutch, and British, as well as as ethnic groups and individuals such as Hiuen Tsang, Mark Twain, Annie Besant, Romain Rolland, and Walther Eidlitz. 

    They all had one thing in common: they all came looking for money and commerce, some looking for safety from persecution, some looking for spiritual enlightenment. 

    Their lives were irrevocably altered by India. In the West, the name "India" conjures up images of snake charmers, pagan gods, cows, castes, and Gandhi. In the East, it conjures up images of Buddha, curries, and elephants. 

    Why is it the case? What influences the unfavorable and often biased opinions of India? Who was behind these outrageous fabrications, and why? It's crucial to travel through time to learn about an old place, its people, their beliefs, the religion, and the interactions of its residents with the rest of the world that have influenced outsiders' impressions in order to comprehend these things. 

    India has unique physical, cultural, and magnificent natural limits, with a geographical mass the size of Europe minus Russia. 

    Strategically situated between China and the rest of the Western world, it is home to 1/6 of mankind. 

    Three major rivers—the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra—water the area whose limits extend from the Himalayas, known as the "abode of snow" for its massive mountain range. India is a triangle-shaped country that stretches from the high Himalayas to the pleasantly warm Indian Ocean. 

    These geographic divisions have promoted amazing cultural variety and unity. The Hindu religion, which is followed by 850 million people, as well as its offshoots such as Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, were both developed in India, the most varied country in the world. 

    Additionally, it has one of the world's fastest expanding economies right now. 

    For thousands of years, connections between civilizations and countries have been centered on religion, commerce, and conquest. 

    The same is true of India. Men from many different countries have been inspired by the grandeur and prosperity of classical India. Indian concepts of the soul and its reincarnation were ingrained in Pythagoras and his contemporaries. 

    On his return trip from the Mongol court of China, Marco Polo, who had previously been to India, proclaimed it to be "the finest and wealthiest nation in the world." Alexander of Macedonia, a Greek, was the first to set foot on Indian soil in 326 B.C., followed by the Huns, the Arabs, the Turks, and the Afghans in 963 A.D. 

    The Arabs have always engaged with India's prosperous commercial ports and cities. 

    Beginning in 1526, the Mongols—Genghis Khan's descendants—conquered and ruled over a large portion of India. 

    Beginning with the Portuguese in 1498, the Europeans were the last to arrive in India. 

    Along with the Dutch (1639), the British (1609), the Danes (1616), the French (1664), and the Danes traveled to India's coasts in search of her fabled riches and resources. The British first arrived as merchants but lingered for over 200 years to control and plunder. 

    India was reportedly visited by the first Greek, Scylax of Caryanda, in 510 BC. Since that time, Europe is aware of several reports and facts about India. Greece received several translations and writings of Indian philosophy. 

    For instance, both civilizations had a reverence for the gods of heaven Varuna or Ouranos and morning Ushas or Aurora. After the rise of Islamic dominance in the seventh century, this tight communication between India and Europe came to an end. 

    Numerous Sanskrit literature, notably The Mahabharat and The Bhagavad-Gita, were translated into Arabic during the subsequent Islamic assaults. According to legend, the fourth Caliph said that India is the country where books were first written and where wisdom and knowledge originated. 

    The Upanishads were translated from Sanskrit into Persian by Dara Shikoh under the title Sirr-ul-Akbar during the Mongol era, when Islamic culture was being imposed, and it was in this form that European academics first encountered them. 

    Sanskrit translations of Hindu texts into English were undertaken by the British, first by Charles Wilkins with his translation of "The Bhagavad Gita," then by Sir William Jones and several other translators. 

    The majority of the Western world's present knowledge of Hinduism is based on translations of Hindu texts made in the second half of the eighteenth century in English, German, and French. Numerous Europeans were concerned about losing their sense of cultural identity as a result of the discovery of Sanskrit and the influence of Indian thinking on the intellectual life of Europe. 

    Such foreigners are the ones who offer the names Hindu and India. 

    The word "Hindu" as we use it now has Persian roots. Indians were known to the Persians as residents of the region around the Sindhu (Indus) River. Hindu was given the name by the Persians who softened the S to an H. The term Indus was transformed to Indoi by the Ionian Greeks, who learned about India from the Persians, and the country of Indus became known as India. 

    India's ancient past is very vast and all-encompassing and is buried in the prehistoric obscurity of time. 

    Her history is amazing in terms of its breadth, splendor, and trials. Its religion, Hinduism, also known as Sartatan Dharma, has a long and distant history that spans many yugas of time. 

    A time frame so incredible that it has never been equaled by a European notion. The only revelation whose principles are entirely consistent with contemporary science is the slow and gradual construction of the cosmos. We are now living in the Kaliyuga, also known as the era of Kali, as per Vedic traditions. 

    The fourth and last yuga (age) in the cosmic calendar, after Satya, Treta, Dwaparyuga, and Kali, is known as Kali yuga. According to legend, the Kaliyuga lasted for 432,000 years, the Dvaparayuga for 864,000, the Tretayuga for 1,296,000, and the Satyayuga for 17,280,000. 

    The world's oldest civilization, Hinduism, has an astonishing level of continuity. Her historical records date back to the year 5000. Even now, the intricately carved temples of her mature and stable civilisation show a beauty of times past. 

    Time was fittingly deified as Mahakala, Great Time, in her rich and ancient history. Hinduism firmly believes in either emptiness or infinity. The Vedic sages of India had no qualms about the vacuum or the limitless. 

    Given this notion, it is only fitting that the concept of the mathematical "zero" or "sunya" was invented by the Hindus. Hinduism, also known as Sanatan Dharma, is more of a way of life than a religion. 

    It is not a structured religion, has no founder or notable historical figure, lacks a centralized authority, and is hence surprisingly non-dogmatic. 

    It has always placed a greater emphasis on behavior and experience than it has on doctrine, and on intuition rather than reason. It is a religion based on several texts rather than just one. It is a revelation-based religion. 

    Since the word "Sanatan" means "eternal," its roots are independent of human history and experience, and its truths have been revealed by the hand of God. 

    Hinduism has more old and extensive texts than any other existing religion. Since they were initially told orally and developed over thousands of years, it is challenging to date these texts. 

    Hindu texts fall into two categories: Smriti, which is memorized, and Shruti, which is heard. The Upanishads and Vedas are regarded as Shruti. 

    The Dharma Shastras, Nibhandas, Puranas, the Mahabharata (The Bhagavad Gita), the Ramayana, Agamas or Tantras, Darshanas, and Vedangas are among the texts that Smriti mentions (Upa Vedas). 

    The Vedas (Book of Knowledge), one of the world's oldest written holy writings, are considered to be India's greatest heritage. They are an extraordinary and remarkable collection of poetry, philosophy, and hymns. 

    Since they were discovered via the Vedic rishis' intuitive vision, they are regarded as having divine origins. The four Vedas are the Atharva, Yajur, Sarna, and Rig. With its comprehensive inquiries into the origin and nature of the cosmos, the "Hymn of Creation" in the Rig Veda offers the most sophisticated theory of creation. 

    The song continues by stating that neither death nor immortality, neither day nor night, existed in the beginning. There was nothing but vacuum and formlessness. Then desire, the spiritual embryo and seed, emerged. 

    But from whence did it really come into being, and who is able to establish its origin? The creation of the gods is later than that of our planet. 

    So, from whence did it originate in the first place? The Upanishads are the last section of the Vedas, and they include mystical and intellectual explorations in search of the divine within. 

    As they investigate the unity of man and God, they represent the climax of Vedic teachings and one of humanity's most profound inquiries. 

    The adage "tat twam asi," "Thou are that," refers to the atman, or "breath of the Absolute," which is present in all living things and is what is really genuine and what the actual truth is. 

    The Bhagavad-Gita, also known as The Song of the Lord, is a chapter of the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic. 

    It is one of the most significant and well-known religious writings in India and has 18,000 stanzas. It is a conversation between Lord Krishna and Aljuna just before the start of the Great War of the Mahabharata. It is a philosophical song that perfectly explains Hindu ideology. 

    The Bhagavad Gita is a very idealistic text that emphasizes absolute tolerance: "Whichever devotee desires to worship whatever heavenly form (rupa) with intense devotion, I, truly, render that faith of him steadfast." The Mahabharata has 100,000 stanzas, whilst The Ramayana's epics are divided into 24,000 stanzas. 

    The Mahabharata is an insightful account of a crucial chapter in Indian history. 

    New archaeological investigation has shown that the fabled city of Lord Krishna, Dwaraka, was indeed a historic location, notwithstanding disagreements about the times and locations. 

    The religious practices and architecture of Indo-China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and other locations have absorbed elements of India's poetic and creative culture, especially the protagonists of the epics Krishna and Arjuna. 

    Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language, is used in Hindu sculptures. The classical language of Hinduism was Sanskrit, which has the meaning "cultured" and is also the oldest and most orderly language in existence. 

    Actually, its breadth and adaptability make it the perfect language for today's computer software development. Additionally, Panini's grammar of Sanskrit is the world's smallest and most comprehensive grammar. 

    Hindu texts were transmitted verbally from the sages to their pupils for a very long time. Maharishi Ved Vyasa subsequently collected these and placed them in literary form in Sanskrit. Hinduism is not a set ideology; rather, it is always evolving and changing. 

    It has grown into a huge, intricate tangle of customs and philosophical ideas that is constantly expanding. It is a religion that is always changing, and because of this, it has grown very diverse and rich, like an elaborate tapestry with many different colors. 

    Hinduism is flexible, diversified, and open to accepting various faiths. Dharma is an all-encompassing cosmic rule that controls every aspect of the cosmos, including every single soul. It is the most fundamental law of the universe and the basis of all things. 

    Our lives are governed by the rule of karma, a natural law similar to the law of gravity. Karma is influenced by personal behavior. You get back what you put in. Thus, the interaction of cause and effect is the web of Karma. 

    It is the natural result of our prior deeds. Samsara, the cycle of birth, life, death, and reincarnation, is the outcome of this. The emancipation from this cycle is the aim of all Hindu philosophy. These ideas make it difficult for most Hindus to understand the Western concept of a single existence. 

    Contrary to common opinion, Hinduism is a monotheistic religion because it honors the unity within diversity of the divine. There are several ways to reach God, and each one is as legitimate. There are no heretics or unbelievers in this good religion. 

    The everlasting goal of India was to unite all of creation under one human identity. All life and all pathways are thus sacrosanct. In the holistic religion of Hinduism, all life—including that of humans, animals, and plants—is revered. 

    Hinduism has always been an ecologically conscious religion, and like a rainforest, it has continually renewed, developed, and changed over the centuries. Hinduism may place the most emphasis on environmental ethics of any religion. 

    With its notions of ahimsa, there is a special sensitivity to not just the human world but to the whole natural world (non-violence). Because of the pervasive concern for life, India (Bharat Mata) as a whole is regarded as holy. In actuality, Lord Vishnu's spouse is personified as Mother Earth. 

    India, a holy nation sandwiched between the Himalayan Mountains and the Indian Ocean, has a long history of coexisting peacefully and developing into a wonderful civilization. 

    The whole nation, including its seven sacred towns, like Dwaraka, its seven sacred rivers, like the Ganga and the Saraswati, and its seven sacred mountains, like the Himalayas and Arunachal, are revered as holy places of pilgrimage. 

    There is little doubt that Classical India was a wealthy civilization with thriving trade relations with many regions of the globe, including Southeast Asia. Students anxious to get a top-notch education flocked to her universities, including Taxila and Nalanda. 

    India has been praised for her wealth from ancient times. She had always been the center of attention, drawing both Asian and European admirers who lusted for her sparkling riches. All conquerors, including Alexander, aspired to possess India, and she was their ultimate goal. 

    Indian civilization, including mathematics, medicine, and other fields, entered the West through the Arabs. As the fabled and wealthy "golden bird" of the East, India was often targeted by the West over her northern boundary. 

    The defenseless, women, aged, priests, and the captured population could not be killed, and the rules of battle in Hinduism were exceedingly chivalrous and merciful. Numerous ethnic groups found refuge in tolerant, kind India, yet during religious fervor, many Hindus were massacred, slain, and sold into slavery. 

    Before the beginning of the Muslim invasion and the beginning of European empire, religious intolerance was scarcely ever seen in ancient India. 

    India was one of the most developed civilizations ever on the eve of the Muslim conquest in the Illth century A.D. 

    India had a deeply inventive culture. 

    Her building was intricate and mesmerizing, and her sculptures were lovely, sumptuous, and sensuous. 

    Her temples were desecrated, pillaged, and burned during the reign of Islamic dominion, and her collected valuables were stolen by ferocious hordes. 

    They slaughtered, pillaged, and demolished magnificent and valuable buildings of great architectural beauty, such as Somnath temple, which is revered to all Hindus, while announcing a "holy war" or "jihad" against unbelievers. 

    This historic nation of culture, chivalry, and beauty was left broken, wounded, and suffering after such an unimaginable atrocity. Rarely in human history have there been such deadly fury, such brutal killing, and such senseless obliteration of a great and developed culture. 

    Even under such terrible, horrifying, and deadly circumstances, tolerant Hindus reverted to following their Vedic forefathers' habit of seeking out that Supreme Reality. In such a situation, the majority of ancient civilizations would have crumbled under repeated fierce assaults on their lands, but not India. 

    Hinduism is a deeply spiritual culture that has survived despite the perversion and brutality of the Islamic invasion. India is still the only ancient civilization remaining in existence despite waves of attacks from Islam and Christianity. 

    All of the others have vanished. Invaders and her tormentors have been brutally attacked by NDIA, but she has elegantly resisted them like a beautiful and noble goddess. Her perseverance and steely will to live are astounding given her experience. 

    Ancient India was not subject to ongoing persecution or religious wars. 

    Then, in 1498, the devotees of that one envious God were once again on the march, this time represented by the Portuguese. 

    In Goa, the Hindus were subjected to the Inquisition, which was instituted by conquerors armed with guns and the gospel truth. 

    Hindu festivals and devotion were outlawed, and lavishly decorated temples were destroyed. 

    The Portuguese, who held the supremacy of their religion in high regard, brutalized and tortured the Hindus in an effort to convert them to Catholicism. 

    The British followed closely behind the Portuguese. Under British Rule, Hindus did not fare much better. Theological imperialism was introduced by the British. 

    Because they ruled India via Indology, they were more crafty than the Portuguese. The goal, like with all imperial exploits and empires, was to portray India's indigenous culture as barbaric, impoverished, and worthless. 

    In order to convert Indians to Christianity and maintain governmental authority over their colonies, the study of Hinduism was conducted. Indology has evolved into a preferred tool for the attack on India's spiritual and cultural roots. 

    The effect of a cultural bomb is to annihilate a people's belief in their names, in their languages, in their environments, in their heritage of struggle, in their unity, in their capacities, and ultimately in themselves, according to Kenyan Ngugi WaThiong'o (1938), author of Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. 

    The British, like the Portuguese, felt that their religion was supreme and that they were bringing civilization to the barbarians. 

    By methodically stealing India's vast riches and resources while disguising their actions under the "White man's burden," they overnight transformed India into a Third World nation. 

    With their Victorian morality and anti-colonial resentment, the British began researching and translating Hindu texts into English as a way to discredit and weaken Hinduism. 

    There have been attempts to portray Hindu philosophy as animistic, a relic, a museum piece, a source of gross paganism, and thus, as a source of primal barbarism. 

    The translation distorted Hindu philosophy, history, and culture, which has seriously harmed Hindus' sense of self-worth. The goal of studying indology was to persuade the educated Indians to reject their traditional identities and cultures in favor of supporting the British Empire. 

    An entire generation of mentally colonized "brown sahibs" who were and still are alienated from their own cultural heritage resulted from this Anglo indoctrination in India, which proved to be so successful. 

    The British adopted a strategy of divide and rule in order to maintain their colonial control over their "jewel in the crown," India. They are said to be the ones who first proposed the racist, out-of-date Aryan invasion thesis. 

    This notion implied that the Hindu texts were not really indigenous to India and that Indians were unable to create their own religion. The European concept of its own superiority would have been crushed if it had been believed differently. 

    This supported the British Raj in India. Surprisingly, there were many people in the West who were incredibly fascinated, were open-minded and sincere in their spiritual search, and many who did acknowledge the metaphysical loftiness and nobility of Hindu thought during the early 19th century, while pioneers in Indology were busy tearing down, denouncing, and discrediting anything Indian or Hindu as primitive theology. 

    Some people were mesmerized by her famed and enormous epics, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Jules Michelet, who was becoming quite lyrical, described the Ramayana as "a divine poem, an ocean of milk." German poet Henrich Heine once referred to the spiritual treasures of India in a statement "The treasures of India have been transported home by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English in their large ships for a very long time. 

    Germany would follow suit, but hers would be troves of esoteric wisdom." The profound thought of India was discovered by Europe in the 19th century to their astonishment. 

    The Upanishads (Oupnekhat) were translated by Anquetil-Duperron from a Persian version written by Dar a Shikoh, the son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan. 

    A cultural practice that dates back to the furthest antiquity and has since been lost in the mist of time intrigued Europeans. Immanuel Kant's idealism has numerous similarities with the Upanishads, as Duperron has noted. 

    The greatest thinkers in the West, including Voltaire, Michelet, Thoreau, and Emerson, have all sipped from the nectar of Hindu philosophy. As soon as they experienced it, their love for Indian philosophy persisted. 

    Some were drawn to the Hindus' "wonderful power of abstraction," while others were frequently drawn to Vedanta's sublime teachings and supreme glory. Many expressed their admiration for the illuminating literary gems of Hinduism, such as the Bhagavad Gita, the Vedas, and the Upanishads, quite vociferously. 

    The spiritual thinking and wisdom of Ancient India, despite the wars and empire, gave the West a significant cultural boost. In particular, the depth of India's influence on the Western imagination and on English Romantic poetry in particular, offered a major cultural stimulation. 

    By emulating and adopting some of these concepts and theories into their own work, academics, poets, artists, philosophers, and scientists have all given the greatest tribute to India's magnificent philosophical, religious, creative, linguistic, and cultural creativity. 

    For his poem Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman, for instance, drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita. 

    When writing the What the Thunder Said section of the Waste Land, T. S. Eliot drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishad. The Bhagavad Gita, described by Count Maurice Maeterlinck as "a glorious bloom of Hindu spirituality," was written. 

    In 1797, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe showed his respect for Kalidasa by basing the prologue of his play Faust on that of Sakuntala. Even Victor Hugo, the renowned French author and creator of Les Misérables, expressed awe and respect for the vastness of the universe as it was described in the Indian epics. 

    He turned the Kena Upanishad story into verse in his poem Suprematie.a Legend o/the Ages. 

    The Bhagavad Gita is a gem among world scriptures because of its majestic beauty. 

    The Gita was deemed by Wilhelm von Humboldt to be "the most beautiful, and maybe the only pure intellectual song, existent in any known dialect." The world has to offer is "the deepest and loftiest thing," too. 

    Even the renowned composer Ludwig van Beethoven was impacted by this unrestrained passion with India. His musical writings include snippets from the Gita and the Upanishads. In contrast to the West, science and religion are not mutually exclusive in India. 

    Science is seen as a component of the same quest for truth that Vedic rishis imagined in order to comprehend the cosmos and the outside world. With ideas that are both mystical and alluringly scientific, ancient Vedic spiritual beliefs have influenced contemporary science. 

    For instance, Anand a Coomaraswamy's description of The Dance of Shiva (Nataraja) is as follows: "is the most accurate depiction of God's cosmic activity that any form of art or religion can claim. 

    The idea itself is a synthesis of art, science, and religion." Numerous scientists, including J. Robert Oppenheimer, Frijof Capra, Schrodinger, Carl Jung, and others, have often consulted the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita in search of new insights. 

    Ancient Hindu sages had developed a universe theory of enormous proportions that was startlingly modern in scope. Their amazing estimate of the age of the cosmos agrees exactly with modern science. 

    Huston Smith has noted on the astounding Hindu view of the age of the Earth: "India was already picturing ages and eons and galaxies as numerous as the sands of the Ganges while the West was probably still thinking of a world that was just 6,000 years old. 

    Modern astronomy can effortlessly fit into the folds of the Universe due to its size." Such uncompromising, radical, and bold theories had no effect on the foundation of India's ancient Vedic society. 

    From the early Vedic period to the present, India has never practiced book burning, executed heretics, imprisoned scientists in dungeons, or housed dissidents in insane asylums. 

    Numerous adherents of Hinduism, from tired old men to lonely old women, have found solace in the religion's lofty philosophy. The great German philosopher Schopenhauer exclaimed, "It has been the solace of my life, and it will be the solace of my death," after reading the Upanishads. 

    Many concepts and theories that have only recently started to be investigated in the West were anticipated by Indian sages. India and her ideas introduced the West to a philosophy of before unseen intricacy and innovation. 

    Hinduism has always been known for its unending tolerance. The priceless proclamation "eko sat vipra bahudi vedanti" found in Hindu scripture (one truth, but discerned differently by the wise). 

    This exquisite tolerance is evidence of a sophisticated, old society. Hinduism is notable for its positive beliefs and the fact that those who do not practice it are not regarded as heretics or infidels, making it a religion for rational thought. 

    All roads lead to the peak, India's serene boldness of intuition has boldly declared (God). The only major global religion to openly and definitely declare that "Tmth is One, the Wise call it by diverse names" is Hinduism. 

    When Europeans first encountered India during the early years of British colonialism, they saw Hinduism through the prism of their own religion and culture and came to an unfavorable and frequently hostile conclusion. 

    The British made a valiant effort to depict Hinduism negatively as superstitious, primitive, and idolatrous in order to maintain their authority. Defaming Hinduism became a goal of the imperial mission to maintain their power. 

    Some evangelical Europeans desired to mold India after their own Christian ideal. They then went on to translate Hindu scriptures in order to aid Hindu conversion to Christianity. 

    With the exception of individuals like Sir John Woodroffe, Annie Besant, and Sister Nivedita, the British invaded and conquered India, plundering her earthly richness but failing to understand India's great spiritual treasure. 

    Ancient India continues to be the world leader in matters of the spirit and the soul despite trauma and tribulations, conquest and colonization, invasion and fanatical zeal. Hinduism is now a vibrant phenomenon and a widely practiced religion. 

    In search of their spiritual home, China, Japan, Tibet, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, and Sri Lanka have all looked to India. 

    It is unquestionably necessary to examine Hinduism in the age of globalization with clean, unblemished eyes, from a fresh angle, and possibly through the lenses of what some Western and Eastern intellectuals, philosophers, writers, and scientists have observed and documented. 

    It is time to let go of our past biases, prejudices, and chauvinistic attitudes in order to learn about other people's cultures and religions, including the ancient spiritual splendor of India. 

    The history and culture of India need to be read again. 

    Beyond the present glaring clichés of "cow, curry, and caste," beyond "heathen gods," "sati," and "idol worship," it is essential and crucial for Hindus and Non-Hindus to understand what insightful minds have to say about Hindu texts and her noble philosophy. 

    We need to find out what exactly about Hindu philosophy appealed to these intellectuals from around the world. 

    Why did Western free thinkers delve so deeply into India's spiritual heritage while others robbed her of her material wealth? 

    Why are the similarities between Hindu chronology and time scales developed by ancient Indian sages so intriguing to Western scientists? 

    Why did Bhagvad Gita's spiritual teachings and lofty magnificence cause Western philosophers and poets to become so moved and spellbound? 

    How did the most profound metaphysics ever known to mankind affect a great number of academics and thinkers around the world? 

    Most importantly, why is Hinduism still perpetuated as an illogical, backward, absurd, and unreasonable religion despite their fascination, reverence, admiration, and appreciation for it? 

    It seems somewhat weird in today's society of plurality and religious variety. 

    This essay's goal is to give readers a new perspective on Hinduism by using the insights of luminaries who lived in various eras and climates up until the present. 

    The goal is to eliminate the bias and prejudice against Hinduism that has existed for many years. Additionally, it aims to dispel myths and misunderstandings about Indian customs and instill pride in the country's rich cultural legacy. 

    The wise men who have come before us have expressed reverence, respect, and appreciation for Hinduism in their quotes. In a manner, this is also a testament to their liberalism, their open minds, and their sincere efforts to reconcile our chaotic environment with our shared spiritual destiny. 

    This reminds us of a wide range of quotations and thoughts from eminent thinkers, scientists, writers, philosophers, intellectuals, and professionals from all walks of life, both in the West and the East. 

    Many of them have been influenced by the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, and the Upanishads. 

    Thus, they were naturally drawn to the vast, imaginative, and speculative genius of the Hindus. 

    Hinduism, a religion with a worldwide outlook, provides lessons in tolerance, open-mindedness, and freedom at our time of spiritual crisis, theological imperialism, senseless terrorism and violence, exclusivism and intolerance, religious superiority, and superficial spirituality. 

    It extends a respectful hand to other religious traditions and recognizes the validity of all paths. 

    A grand visual environment for its followers has been produced as a result of its profound imagination, which has given the world a rich variety of deities (gods and goddesses). 

    Hinduism offers the much-needed spiritual democracy that allows us to worship whichever god we see fit. Due to its old civilization and developed culture, Hinduism is a global religion with a wide base that can respectfully welcome all other religions. 

    Even if the great Mayan and Aztec civilizations, the pyramids of ancient Egypt, Classical Greece and Rome, and the desert wind-eroded Egyptian monuments are all long gone, an unbroken line of Indians are still reciting the Vedas today. 

    In the wise words of J Donald Walters, Hinduism may be regarded as "the most spiritually grounded civilization in the world." Hinduism offers hope to a conflict-ridden, benighted, and trouble-weary world with its profound scriptural words: "In an age of commingling of nations and global economies, in an age of jihad and inane and aggressive evangelism, in an age of militant and uncompromising intolerance, and in a world increasingly subsumed by religious fanaticism" "streams that come from hills on all sides flow into the bosom of the great sea. 

    Their names as different as their sources, And thus in every place do mankind kneel down To one mighty God, though known by many names".


    ~Kiran Atma



    Ram Janam Bhumi

     


    Since the early 1980s, this site in the city of Ayodhya has seen some of India's most violent postindependence religious strife.

    The location has historically been a source of contention for Hindu and Muslim communities, with confrontations occurring there in 1855 and 1934, according to British records.

    The Babri Masjid, a mosque built in 1528 under the leadership of Mir Baqi, a commander of the Moghul emperor Babar (1483–1530), occupied Ram Janam Bhumi until 1992.

    Although there is no evidence to support this assertion, local legend claims that the mosque was erected after a Hindu temple was demolished nearby.

    Several local Hindus covertly put pictures of the infant Rama, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshmana in the mosque a few months after India got independence in 1947, alleging that the figures had magically materialized in a ball of light.

    The government, having only recently put an end to the Hindu-Muslim massacres that accompanied the partition of British India into India and Pakistan, didn't want to rekindle religious fervor, so it padlocked the compound's gates and sent the case to the courts for resolution, where it languished for nearly four decades.

    When the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), a Hindu nationalist movement, initially started demanding for the site's "liberation," declaring that the existing mosque was an insult to all Hindus, the location sparked fresh controversy.

    The mosque was characterized as a symbol of Muslim icon oclasm in the VHP's campaign, and government attempts to safeguard it were described as an attempt to satisfy the Muslim population and keep their support.

    Rajiv Gandhi's national government helped the VHP's efforts to free the site in 1986.

    The VHP and the Gandhi government worked together to open the compound's gates so that Hindus may pray there, while critics saw the move as a transparent attempt to win Hindu votes.

    Throughout the 1980s, there was pressure to start building a new temple at Ram Janam Bhumi, which culminated in a series of campaigns.

    Many of these campaigns coincided with national elections, and the passion they evoked helped the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a political party with strong ties to the VHP, win more seats.

    The last campaign began on December 6, 1992, a day chosen for its "symbolic" significance, and finished little over five hours later with the mosque's destruction.

    The whole operation was meticulously organized, with demolition personnel ordering the destruction of all television cameras before leveling the structure to avoid any outside media footage.

    The razing was also done with the permission of the state administration, which was run by the BJP and made no effort to defend the temple.

    Riots erupted, notably in Bombay, where over 3,000 people were murdered, the most of them were Muslims.

    The site of the Babri Masjid remained a source of conflict between Muslims and Hindus even after it was demolished.

    Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao vowed to restore the mosque immediately after it was demolished, but he failed to do it during his five years in government.

    Meanwhile, several Hindu organizations, including traditional religious authorities such as the Shankaracharyas, have called for the building of a Ram Janam Bhumi temple.

    The administration, seeing nothing but difficulty ahead, referred the case back to the courts for resolution, where it remains to this day and may stay for decades.

    Christophe Jaffrelot, The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India, 1996, is a good source of information.

    Hinduism - What Is Kalpavas? Who Are The Kalpavasis?

     


    Kalpavas (meaning "dwelling for a kalpa") is a Sanskrit word that means "residence for a kalpa." During the annual Magh Mela event in Allahabad during the lunar month of Magh (January–February), a strict religious vow is made.

    The confluence of two holy rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna, is where Allahabad is located.

    The fundamental religious rite of the celebration is bathing (snana) at this point.




    Although most visitors only remain for a few days during the festival, kalpavasis, or persons who have taken the kalpavas vow, stay for the full month.

    Kalpavasis also promise to follow a rigorous ascetic lifestyle that includes daily baths in the Ganges, a limited diet, specific attire and worship, and participation at religious meetings known as satsang.

    The ascetics from all over South Asia who come to bathe in the hallowed waters are the main players in the Kumbha Mela.

    According to legend, the great philosopher Shankaracharya founded the Kumbha Mela to encourage regular meetings of educated and holy men as a way to reinforce, preserve, and disseminate Hindu religious ideas.

     

    Kalpavasis: The Spiritual Heart of the Kumbh Mela




    The Kumbh Mela, a colossal gathering of Hindu pilgrims, is renowned for its vibrant spectacle and profound spiritual significance. At the heart of this mega-event reside the Kalpavasis, a unique group of ascetics and devotees who embody the essence of spiritual dedication. The term "Kalpavasis" translates to "dwellers of the Kalpa," referring to the immense cycles of time in Hindu cosmology. These individuals immerse themselves in a rigorous spiritual retreat during the Kumbh Mela, renouncing worldly comforts and dedicating themselves entirely to divine pursuits.

    Kalpavasis exemplify the highest ideals of Hindu spirituality, characterized by unwavering devotion and rigorous self-discipline. They embrace a life of austerity, often residing in simple shelters within the Kumbh Mela grounds. Their daily routine involves a strict regimen of spiritual practices, including early morning dips in the sacred river, hours of meditation, chanting of mantras, and rigorous fasting. This austere lifestyle is aimed at purifying the mind and body, culminating in the ultimate goal of spiritual enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.



    Beyond their individual practices, Kalpavasis play a crucial role in fostering a strong sense of community within the Kumbh Mela. They often live in small groups, sharing resources and engaging in collective spiritual practices. This communal living fosters a supportive environment for spiritual growth and provides a powerful example of the transformative power of collective devotion.

    The presence of Kalpavasis at the Kumbh Mela is of immense significance. They serve as living embodiments of Hindu ideals, inspiring millions of pilgrims with their unwavering devotion and selfless service. Many seek their blessings and guidance, considering them to be conduits of divine wisdom. Moreover, Kalpavasis play a vital role in preserving and transmitting the rich tapestry of Hindu traditions and values across generations.


    Kalpavasis are an integral part of the Kumbh Mela, embodying the very essence of this extraordinary spiritual gathering. Their unwavering devotion, rigorous practices, and selfless service serve as an inspiration to millions, reminding us of the timeless values of renunciation, self-discipline, and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.




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